Giải:

a) \(\dfrac{-5}{8}=\dfrac{x}{16}\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{16.-5}{8}=-10\) 

\(\dfrac{3x}{9}=\dfrac{2}{6}\) 

\(\Rightarrow3x=\dfrac{2.9}{6}=3\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=1\)

b) \(\dfrac{x+3}{15}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)  

\(\Rightarrow x+3=\dfrac{1.15}{3}=5\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=2\)

\(\dfrac{6}{2x+1}=\dfrac{2}{7}\) 

\(\Rightarrow2x+1=\dfrac{6.7}{2}=21\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=10\)

c) \(\dfrac{4}{x-6}=\dfrac{y}{24}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{x-6}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\) 

\(\Rightarrow x-6=\dfrac{18.4}{-12}=-6\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=0\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{24}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\) 

\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{-12.24}{18}=-16\) 

 \(\dfrac{3-x}{-12}=\dfrac{16}{y+1}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3-x}{-12}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\) 

\(\Rightarrow3-x=\dfrac{192.-12}{-72}=32\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=-29\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{16}{y+1}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\) 

\(\Rightarrow y+1=\dfrac{16.-72}{192}=-6\) 

d) \(\dfrac{-2}{3}< \dfrac{x}{5}< \dfrac{-1}{6}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-20}{30}< \dfrac{6x}{30}< \dfrac{-5}{30}\) 

\(\Rightarrow6x\in\left\{-18;-12;-6\right\}\) 

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-3;-2;-1\right\}\) 

\(\dfrac{-1}{5}\le\dfrac{x}{8}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-8}{40}\le\dfrac{5x}{40}\le\dfrac{10}{40}\) 

\(\Rightarrow5x\in\left\{-5;0;5;10\right\}\) 

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-1;0;1;2\right\}\) 

e) \(\dfrac{x+46}{20}=x\dfrac{2}{5}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+46}{20}=x+\dfrac{2}{5}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+46}{20}=\dfrac{5x+2}{5}\) 

\(\Rightarrow5.\left(x+46\right)=20.\left(5x+2\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow5x+230=100x+40\) 

\(\Rightarrow5x-100x=40-230\) 

\(\Rightarrow-95x=-190\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=-190:-95\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=2\) 

\(y\dfrac{5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\) 

\(\Rightarrow y+\dfrac{5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y^2+5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\) 

\(\Rightarrow y^2+5=86\) 

\(\Rightarrow y^2=86-5\) 

\(\Rightarrow y^2=81\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=9\\y=-9\end{matrix}\right.\) 

Chúc bạn học tốt!

a) \(\left(x+y+1\right)^3=x^3+y^3+7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+1\right)+1=x^3+y^3+7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)+3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+1\right)+1=x^3+y^3+7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+xy+1\right)=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left[x\left(1+y\right)+1+y\right]=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(x+y\right)=2\)

\(\Rightarrow x+1,y+1,x+y\) là các ước của 2.

Ta thấy 6 có 2 dạng phân tích thành tích 3 số nguyên là \(\left(2;1;1\right)\) và\(\left(2;-1;-1\right)\).

- Xét trường hợp \(\left(2;1;1\right)\). Ta có 3 trường hợp nhỏ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\\y+1=1\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\y+1=2\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\y+1=1\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Giải ra ta có \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(1;0\right),\left(0;1\right)\).

- Xét trường hợp \(\left(2;-1;-1\right)\). Ta có 3 trường hợp nhỏ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\\y+1=-1\\x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-1\\y+1=2\\x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-1\\y+1=1\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\).

Giải ra ta có: \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;-2\right),\left(-2;1\right)\).

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right),\left(1;0\right),\left(1;-2\right),\left(-2;1\right)\)

b) \(y^2+2xy-8x^2-5x=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-\left(9x^2+5x\right)=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-9\left(x^2+\dfrac{5}{9}x+\dfrac{25}{324}\right)+\dfrac{25}{36}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-9\left(x+\dfrac{5}{18}\right)^2=\dfrac{47}{36}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6^2.\left(x+y\right)^2-3^2.6^2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{18}\right)^2=47\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6x+6y\right)^2-\left(18x+5\right)^2=47\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6x+6y-18x-5\right)\left(6x+6y+18x+5\right)=47\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6y-12x-5\right)\left(24x+6y+5\right)=47\)

\(\Rightarrow\)6y-12x-5 và 24x+6y+5 là các ước của 47.

Lập bảng:

Vậy pt đã cho có 2 nghiệm (x;y) nguyên là (1;3) và (1;-5)

a, 3x ( y+1) + y + 1 = 7

(y+1)(3x +1) =7

th1 : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1=1\\3x+1=7\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

th2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1=-1\\3x+1=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)=> x = -8/3 (loại)

th3: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1=7\\3x+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

th 4 : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1=-7\\3x+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)=> x=-2/3 (loại)

Vậy (x,y)= (2 ;0);  (0; 6)

b, xy - x + 3y - 3 = 5

   (x( y-1) + 3( y-1) = 5

          (y-1)(x+3) = 5

 th1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-1=1\\x+3=5\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

th2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-1=-1\\x+3=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\x=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)

th3: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-1=5\\x+3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

th4: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-1=-5\\x+3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) =>  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-4\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

vậy (x, y) = ( 8; 2); ( -8; 0);  (-2; 6); (-4; -4)

c, 2xy + x + y = 7 => y = \(\dfrac{7-x}{2x+1}\) ; y ϵ Z ⇔ 7-x ⋮ 2x+1

⇔ 14 - 2x ⋮ 2x + 1 ⇔ 15 - 2x - 1  ⋮ 2x + 1

th1 : 2x + 1 = -1=> x = -1; y = \(\dfrac{7-(-1)}{-1.2+1}\) = -8

th2: 2x+ 1 = 1=> x =0; y = 7

th3: 2x+1 = -3 => x =  x=-2  => y = \(\dfrac{7-(-2)}{-2.2+1}\) = -3 

th4: 2x+ 1 = 3 => x = 1 => y = \(\dfrac{7+1}{2.1+1}\) = 2

th5: 2x + 1 = -5 => x = -3=> y = \(\dfrac{7-(-3)}{-3.2+1}\) = -2

th6: 2x + 1 = 5 => x = 2; ; y = \(\dfrac{7-2}{2.2+1}\) =1

th7 : 2x + 1 = -15 => x = -8; y = \(\dfrac{7-(-8)}{-8.2+1}\) = -1

th8 : 2x+1 = 15 => x = 7; y = \(\dfrac{7-7}{2.7+1}\) = 0

kết luận

(x,y) = (-1; -8); (0 ;7); ( -2; -3) ; ( 1; 2); ( -3; -2); (2;1); (-8;-1);(7;0)

3xy−2x+5y=293xy−2x+5y=29

9xy−6x+15y=879xy−6x+15y=87

(9xy−6x)+(15y−10)=77(9xy−6x)+(15y−10)=77

3x(3y−2)+5(3y−2)=773x(3y−2)+5(3y−2)=77

(3y−2)(3x+5)=77(3y−2)(3x+5)=77

⇒(3y−2)⇒(3y−2) và (3x+5)(3x+5) là Ư(77)=±1,±7,±11,±77Ư(77)=±1,±7,±11,±77

Ta có bảng giá trị sau:

Do x,y∈Zx,y∈Z nên (x,y)∈{(−4;−3),(−2;−25),(2;3),(24;1)}

a: \(2x^2+3xy-14y^2\)

\(=2x^2+7xy-4xy-14y^2\)

\(=\left(2x^2+7xy\right)-\left(4xy+14y^2\right)\)

\(=x\left(2x+7y\right)-2y\left(2x+7y\right)\)

\(=\left(2x+7y\right)\left(x-2y\right)\)

b: \(\left(x-7\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)+7\)

\(=\left(x-7\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x-3\right)+7\)

\(=\left(x^2-8x+7\right)\left(x^2-8x+15\right)+7\)

\(=\left(x^2-8x\right)^2+15\left(x^2-8x\right)+7\left(x^2-8x\right)+105+7\)

\(=\left(x^2-8x\right)^2+22\left(x^2-8x\right)+112\)

\(=\left(x^2-8x\right)^2+8\left(x^2-8x\right)+14\left(x^2-8x\right)+112\)

\(=\left(x^2-8x\right)\left(x^2-8x+8\right)+14\left(x^2-8x+8\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2-8x+8\right)\left(x^2-8x+14\right)\)

c: \(\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-1\right)-2\left(3x-1\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-1\right)-\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-1\right)-2\left(3x-1\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x-3\right)\left[\left(x-3\right)+2\left(3x-1\right)\right]-\left(3x-1\right)\left[\left(x-3\right)+2\left(3x-1\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(x-3+6x-2\right)\left(x-3-3x+1\right)\)

\(=\left(7x-5\right)\left(-2x-2\right)\)

\(=-2\left(x+1\right)\left(7x-5\right)\)

d: \(xy\left(x-y\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)+zx\left(z-x\right)\)

\(=x^2y-xy^2+y^2z-yz^2+zx\left(z-x\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2y-yz^2\right)-\left(xy^2-y^2z\right)+xz\left(z-x\right)\)

\(=y\left(x^2-z^2\right)-y^2\left(x-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)\)

\(=y\cdot\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)-\left(x-z\right)\left(y^2+xz\right)\)

\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(xy+zy-y^2-xz\right)\)

\(=\left(x-z\right)\left[\left(xy-y^2\right)+\left(zy-zx\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(x-z\right)\left[y\cdot\left(x-y\right)-z\left(x-y\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\)

a) \(6xy+4x-9y-7=0\)

  \(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+2\right)-9y-6-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+x\right)-3.\left(3y+2\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3\right).\left(3y+2\right)=1\)

Mà \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow2x-3;3y+2\in Z\)

Tự làm típ

\(A=x^3+y^3+xy\)

\(A=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+xy\)

\(A=x^2-xy+y^2+xy\)( vì \(x+y=1\))

\(A=x^2+y^2\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiakovxky ta có :

\(\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x\cdot1+y\cdot1\right)^2=\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

Hay \(x^3+y^3+xy\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

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