cách max dài và hại não

cần C/m : \(\Sigma\sqrt{a^2-a+1}\ge\Sigma a\) \(\Leftrightarrow3+2\sqrt{\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}\ge2\Sigma ab+\Sigma a\)( * )

Ta có \(\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)=\left(\frac{3}{4}\left(a-1\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+1\right)^2\right)\left(\frac{3}{4}\left(b-1\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(b+1\right)^2\right)\)

\(\ge\frac{3}{4}\left|a-1\right|\left|b-1\right|+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\)( BĐT Bu-nhi-a-cốp-ski ) 

\(\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)=\frac{-1}{2}ab+a+b-\frac{1}{2}\)

Do đó : VT ( * ) \(\ge4\Sigma a-\Sigma ab\). BĐT đúng nếu : \(\Sigma a\ge\Sigma ab\)

Điều này đúng khi trong a,b,c có 1 số \(\le\)1 và 1 số khác  \(\ge\)1

Ta xét trong a,b,c có 2 số \(\ge\)1 , giả sử là b và c  . Khi đó BĐT đã cho trở thành : 

\(\frac{1-a}{\sqrt{a^2-a+1}+a}+\frac{1-b}{\sqrt{b^2-b+1}+b}+\frac{1-c}{\sqrt{c^2-c+1}+c}\ge0\)( ** )

b,c \(\ge\)1 \(\Rightarrow1-b,1-c\le0\)

Ta có : \(\sqrt{b^2-b+1}\ge\frac{b+1}{2}\)và \(\sqrt{c^2-c+1}\ge\frac{c+1}{2}\)

Do đó : VT ( ** ) \(\ge\frac{1-a}{\sqrt{a^2-a+1}+a}+\frac{2\left(1-b\right)}{3b+1}+\frac{2\left(1-c\right)}{3c+1}\)

\(=\frac{1-a}{\sqrt{a^2-a+1}+a}+\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{1}{3b+1}+\frac{1}{3c+1}\right)-\frac{4}{3}\)

bổ đề  \(\sqrt{bc}\ge1\)thì \(\frac{1}{3b+1}+\frac{1}{3c+1}\ge\frac{2}{3\sqrt{bc}+1}\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2\left(9\sqrt{bc}-1\right)\ge0\)

vì vậy : VT (**) \(\ge\frac{1-a}{\sqrt{a^2-a+1}+a}+\frac{16}{3\left(3\sqrt{bc}+1\right)}-\frac{4}{3}\)

\(=\sqrt{a^2-a+1}-a+\frac{16\sqrt{a}}{3\left(3+\sqrt{a}\right)}-\frac{4}{3}\)

đặt \(\sqrt{a}=t\le1\), cần chứng minh : \(\sqrt{t^4-t^2+1}-t^2+\frac{16t}{3\left(3+t\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)( BĐT đúng nếu t > 0,28 )

Xét \(a\le t^2=0,0784\Rightarrow a\in\left[0;0,0784\right]\)

Lại có :  \(\sqrt{b^2-b+1}>b-\frac{1}{2};\sqrt{c^2-c+1}>c-\frac{1}{2}\)

Do đó : \(\frac{1-b}{\sqrt{b^2-b+1}+b}+\frac{1-c}{\sqrt{c^2-c+1}+c}\ge\frac{1-b}{2b-\frac{1}{2}}+\frac{1-c}{2c-\frac{1}{2}}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{\frac{3}{2}-\left(2b-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{2b-\frac{1}{2}}+\frac{\frac{3}{2}-\left(2c-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{2c-\frac{1}{2}}\right]=\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2b-\frac{1}{2}}+\frac{1}{2c-\frac{1}{2}}\right)-1\)

\(\ge\frac{3}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}-1}=\frac{3\sqrt{a}}{4-\sqrt{a}}-1\)

do đó : VT ( ** ) \(\ge\sqrt{t^4-t^2+1}-t^2+\frac{3t}{4-t}-1\)\(\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3t\left(\frac{1}{4-t}+\frac{t}{\sqrt{t^4-t^2+1}+t^2+1}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3t.\frac{\sqrt{t^4-t^2+1}+2t^2-4t+1}{\left(4-t\right)\left(\sqrt{t^4-t^2+1}+t^2+1\right)}\ge0\)

BĐT cuối đúng \(\forall\)t < 0,25 < 0,28

\(\Rightarrow\)đpcm

P/s : bài này mình tham khảo nha. cách rất dài, khó

+ \(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}\ge2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}\ge\left(1-\frac{1}{1+b}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+c}\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}\ge\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)

Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow b=c\)

+ Tương tự : \(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}}\) Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow c=a\)

\(\frac{1}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\) Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

Do đó \(\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge8\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2\left(1+c\right)^2}}=\frac{8abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow abc\le\frac{1}{8}\) Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)

Do \(\left|c\right|\le2\) và \(\left|a-1\right|\le3\Rightarrow\left|c\right|.\left|a-1\right|\le2.3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|ac-c\right|\le6\)

\(\Rightarrow-6\le ac-c\le6\) (1)

Lại có \(\left|b-c\right|\le1\Rightarrow-1\le c-b\le1\) (2)

Cộng vế (1) và (2):

\(\Rightarrow-7\le ac-b\le7\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|ac-b\right|\le7\) (đpcm)