Bài 14: 

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{12,395}{24,79}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Ca + 2H₂O --> Ca(OH)₂ + H₂

            0,5<--------------0,5<----0,5

=> m_Ca = 0,5.40 = 20 (g)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{20}{34}.100\%=58,82\%\\\%m_{CaO}=100\%-58,82\%=41,18\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) b phải là khối lượng bazo thu được chứ nhỉ..., sao tính đc m dung dịch

 \(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{34-20}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CaO + H₂O --> Ca(OH)₂ 

            0,25---------->0,25

=> m_Ca(OH)2 = (0,5 + 0,25).74 = 55,5 (g)

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 22 (1)

PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,832}{24,79}=0,8\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{22}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6}{0,5}=3,2\left(M\right)\)

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 27,8 (1)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{17,353}{24,79}=0,7\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{27,8}.100\%\approx19,42\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx80,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,7}{0,5}=1,4\left(M\right)\)

\(a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0.,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,15.65=9,75(g)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Zn}=\dfrac{9,75}{10}.100\%=97,5\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Cu}=100\%-97,5\%=2,5\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14\%}=78,21(g)\)

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8,4}{22,4}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(2Al+6H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O\\ Mg+2H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}MgSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)

Đặt \(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,65\\1,5a+b=0,375\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,15}{7,65}.100\%=52,94\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\)

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