a.

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4x+4y^2=4xy+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=8\) (1)

Do \(\left(x-2y\right)^2\ge0;\forall x;y\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2\le8\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=\left\{0;1;4\right\}\)

TH1: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\Rightarrow x=2\) thế vào (1)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2-2y\right)^2=8\Rightarrow\left(1-y\right)^2=2\) (ko tồn tại y nguyên t/m do 2 ko phải SCP)

TH2: \(\left(x-2\right)^2=1\Rightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2=8-1=7\), mà 7 ko phải SCP nên pt ko có nghiệm nguyên

TH3: \(\left(x-2\right)^2=4\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) thế vào (1):

- Với \(x=0\Rightarrow\left(-2y\right)^2+4=8\Rightarrow y^2=1\Rightarrow y=\pm1\)

- Với \(x=2\Rightarrow\left(2-2y\right)^2+4=8\Rightarrow\left(1-y\right)^2=1\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy pt có các cặp nghiệm là: 

\(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right);\left(0;-1\right);\left(2;0\right);\left(2;2\right)\)

b.

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4y^2+4xy-4x=14\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=18\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=18\) (1)

Lý luận tương tự câu a ta được 

\(\left(x-2\right)^2\le18\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=\left\{0;1;4;9;16\right\}\)

Với \(\left(x-2\right)^2=\left\{0;1;4;16\right\}\) thì \(18-\left(x-2\right)^2\) ko phải SCP nên ko có giá trị nguyên x;y thỏa mãn

Với \(\left(x-2\right)^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) thế vào (1)

- Với \(x=5\Rightarrow\left(5+2y\right)^2+9=18\Rightarrow\left(5+2y\right)^2=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5+2y=3\\5+2y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

- Với \(x=-1\Rightarrow\left(-1+2y\right)^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-1+2y=3\\-1+2y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(5;-1\right);\left(5;-4\right);\left(-1;3\right);\left(-1;-3\right)\)

Cặp số nguyên x, y có dạng x = 2k; y = 5k; k thuộc Z; k khác 0.

Ví dụ (x;y) = (2;5) hoặc (4; 10).

d) Cặp số nguyên x, y có dạng x= 5k; y = (-6)k; k thuộc Z; k khác 0

Ví dụ (x;y) = (5;-6), (10; -12), (-10; 12).

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-xy-5x+4y+9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-xy\right)-\left(4x-4y\right)-x+9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-y\right)-4\left(x-y\right)-x+9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x-4\right)-\left(x-4\right)+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x-y-1\right)=-5\)

Do \(x;y\in Z\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right);\left(x-y-1\right)\in Z\)

Ta có các trường hợp sau

+ TH1:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4=1\\x-y-1=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

+ TH2:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4=-1\\x-y-1=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

+ TH3:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4=5\\x-y-1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

+ TH4:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4=-5\\x-y-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x+1=xy+2y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x+1=y\left(x+2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{2x^2-x+1}{x+2}=2x-5+\dfrac{11}{x+2}\)

Do y nguyên \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{11}{x+2}\) nguyên \(\Rightarrow x+2=Ư\left(11\right)\)

Mà x nguyên dương \(\Rightarrow x+2\ge3\Rightarrow x+2=11\Rightarrow x=9\)

\(\Rightarrow y=14\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(9;14\right)\)

CHO TEN ROI NOI

ngọc anh ạ

\(x^2-y^2+2x-4y-10=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-7=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(y+2\right)^2=7\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1+y+2\right)\left(x+1-y-2\right)=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y-1\right)\left(x+y+3\right)=7\)

Vì \(x,y\) nguyên dương nên \(x+y+3>x-y-1>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+3=7\\x-y-1=1\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=1\end{cases}}\)

a) x + y +xy = 6

y( 1 + x ) + x + 1 = 7

( x + 1 ) ( y + 1 ) = 7

b) 2x + y - 2xy - 8 = 0

2x ( 1 - y ) - ( 1 - y ) - 7 = 0

( 1 - y ) ( 2x - 1 ) = 7

c) x - 4y + xy - 1 = 0

x( 1 + y ) -4( 1 + y ) + 3 = 0

( 1 + y ) ( x- 4 ) = 3