a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b

Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)

Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1

b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:

\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)

Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)

Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)

Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:

\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)

Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)

\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Answer:

3.

\(x^2+2y^2+2xy+7x+7y+10=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+7x+7y+y^2+10=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+7.\left(x+y\right)+y^2+10=0\)

\(\Rightarrow4S^2+28S+4y^2+40=0\)

\(\Rightarrow4S^2+28S+49+4y^2-9=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2S+7\right)^2=9-4y^2\le9\left(1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow-3\le2S+7\le3\)

\(\Rightarrow-10\le2S\le-4\)

\(\Rightarrow-5\le S\le-2\left(2\right)\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi: \(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow y=0\)

Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của \(S=x+y=-5\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=0\\x=-5\end{cases}}\)

Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của \(S=x+y=-2\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=0\\x=-2\end{cases}}\)

\(x+y=4xy\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=4\)

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}>=\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow4>=\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow x+y>=1\)(bđt svacxo)

\(x^2+y^2>=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2};xy< =\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=x^2+y^2-xy>=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}>=\frac{1^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\)

dấu = xảy ra khi \(x+y=1;x=y\Rightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\)

vậy min P là \(\frac{1}{4}\)khi x=y=\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(1=x+y+3xy\le x+y+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)-4\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y+2\right)\left(x+y-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Đồng thời: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{2}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le-\dfrac{2}{9}\)

Từ đó ta có:

\(A=\sqrt{1-x^2}+\sqrt{1-y^2}+\dfrac{1-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}=\sqrt{1-x^2}+\sqrt{1-y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}-1\)

\(A\le\sqrt{2\left[2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\right]}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}-1\le\sqrt{2\left(2-\dfrac{2}{9}\right)}+\dfrac{3}{2}-1=\dfrac{3+8\sqrt{2}}{6}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)