1: a chia 3 dư 2 nên a=3k+2

4a+1=4(3k+2)+1

=12k+8+1

=12k+9=3(4k+3) chia hết cho 3

2:

a: 36 chia hết cho 3x+1

=>\(3x+1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;4;-4;6;-6;9;-9;12;-12;18;-18;36;-36\right\}\)

mà x là số tự nhiên

nên 3x+1 thuộc {1;4}

=>x thuộc {0;1}

b: 2x+9 chia hết cho x+2

=>2x+4+5 chia hết cho x+2

=>5 chia hết cho x+2

=>x+2 thuộc {1;-1;5;-5}

=>x thuộc {-1;-3;3;-7}

mà x thuộc N

nên x=3

Đặt \(\left(a;2b;3c\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=3\)

\(Q=\dfrac{x+1}{1+y^2}+\dfrac{y+1}{1+z^2}+\dfrac{z+1}{1+x^2}\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{x+1}{1+y^2}=x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y^2}{1+y^2}\ge x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y^2}{2y}=x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y}{2}\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{y+1}{1+z^2}\ge y+1-\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)z}{2}\) ; \(\dfrac{z+1}{1+x^2}\ge z+1-\dfrac{\left(z+1\right)x}{2}\)

Cộng vế:

\(Q\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}+3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

\(Q\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}+3-\dfrac{1}{6}\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}+3-\dfrac{9}{6}=3\)

\(Q_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)

Với n\(\in N\)^* có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(n+1-n\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\) (*)

a) Áp dụng (*) vào T

\(\Rightarrow T=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)

b) Có \(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{n+1}=5\Leftrightarrow n=24\) (tm)

Vậy n=24.

\(\left(n^2-8\right)^2+36\)

\(=n^4-16n^2+64+36\)

\(=\left(n^4+20n^2+100\right)-36n^2\)

\(=\left(n^2+10\right)^2-\left(6n\right)^2\)

\(=\left(n^2+10-6n\right)\left(n^2+10+6n\right)\)

Để n là số nguyên tố thì \(\orbr{\begin{cases}n^2+10-6n=1\\n^2+10+6n=1\end{cases}}\)

Mà do \(n\in N\Rightarrow n^2+10-6n=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n^2-6n+9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n=3\)

Vậy n=3.