PTHH: \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{BaCl_2}=\frac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=98\cdot0,1=9,8\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\frac{9,8}{9,8\%}=100\left(g\right)\)

b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=0,1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,1\cdot233=23,3\left(g\right)\)

c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{BaCl_2}:n_{HCl}=1:2\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(m_{dd}=m_{BaCl_2}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{BaSO_4}=20,8+100-23,3=97,5\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\frac{7,3}{97,5}\cdot100\approx7,49\%\)

a, PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)

\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{9,6}{24}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\)

c, Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)

a, \(H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_{4\downarrow}+2HCl\)

b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=114.20\%=22,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,8}{96}=0,2375\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{BaCl_2}=400.5,2\%=20,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2375}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được H₂SO₄ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\)

c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2375-0,1=0,1375\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 114 + 400 - 23,3 = 490,7 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1375.98}{490,7}.100\%\approx2,75\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{490,7}.100\%\approx1,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{48,75}{162,5}=0,3(mol)\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3(mol);n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=0,9(mol)\\ a,m_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3.107=32,1(g)\\ b,m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{10\%}=360(g)\\ c,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{360+48,75-32,1}.100\%=13,98\%\\ \)

\(d,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{20\%}=220,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{220,5}{1,14}=193,42(ml)\)

a. PTHH: \(CuSO_4+2NaOH--->Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)

b. Đổi 100ml = 0,1 lít

Ta có: \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{CuSO_4}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)

c. Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2.n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2M\)

\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)

\(CO_2+Na\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)

b. \(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{21}{84}=0,25mol\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.0,25=0,5mol\)

\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l\)

c. \(n_{CO_2}=n_{MgCO_3}=0,25mol\)

\(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,25mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,25.100=25g\)

PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{4,8}{160}=0,03\left(mol\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,09\cdot98}{9,8\%}=90\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,03\cdot400=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Phương trình hóa học : 

BaCl₂ + H₂SO₄ -----> BaSO₄ + 2HCl 

Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

c) Khối lượng kết tủa : 

\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g) 

Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ; 

\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\) 

c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)

_{\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)}

d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H₂O 

      0,24 <-- 0,24

       mol       mol

    2NaOH + H₂SO₄  ---> Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

  0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol  

\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)

a. PTHH    BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4↓ + 2HCl

b. _ mBaCl2 = 16,61.150:100 = 24,96 g

nBaCl2 = 24.96:208 = 0,12 mol

_ mH2SO4 = 14,7.100:100 = 14,7 g

nH2SO4 = 14,7:98 = 0,15 mol

Ta thấy: nBaCl2 < nH2SO4 ⇒ BaCl2 hết, H2SO4 dư