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\(a)\) Ta có : 

\(VP=\frac{2018}{1}+\frac{2017}{2}+\frac{2016}{3}+...+\frac{2}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}\)

\(VP=\left(\frac{2018}{1}-1-...-1\right)+\left(\frac{2017}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2016}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{2}{2017}+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2018}+1\right)\)

\(VP=1+\frac{2019}{2}+\frac{2019}{3}+...+\frac{2019}{2017}+\frac{2019}{2018}\)

\(VP=2019\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}+\frac{1}{2019}\right)\)

Lại có : 

\(VT=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2019}\right).x\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(x=2019\)

Vậy \(x=2019\)

Chúc bạn học tốt ~ 

\(b)\) \(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{10}+...+\frac{2}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{2017}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{2}{6}+\frac{2}{12}+\frac{2}{20}+...+\frac{2}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{2017}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2\left(\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{20}+...+\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}\right)=\frac{2017}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2\left(\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}\right)=\frac{2017}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)=\frac{2017}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)=\frac{2017}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(1-\frac{2}{x+1}=\frac{2017}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{2}{x+1}=1-\frac{2017}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{2}{x+1}=\frac{2}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x+1=2019\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=2019-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=2018\)

Vậy \(x=2018\)

Chúc bạn học tốt ~ 

A=(1+1/3+...+1/2019)-(1/2+1/4+...+1/2018)

A=(1+1/3+...+1/2019)+(1/2+1/4+...+1/2018)-(1/2+1/4+...+1/2018).2

A=(1+1/2+1/3+1/4+...+1/2019)-(1+1/2+...+1/1009)

A=1/1010+1/1011+...+1/2019

=) A=B

=) (A-B-1)^2019=-1

ta xét : \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2+\frac{a^2}{\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab+\frac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-2.\left(a+b\right).\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(a+b-\frac{ab}{a+b}\right)^2}=\left|a+b-\frac{ab}{a+b}\right|\)

áp dụng vào bài toán :

\(A=\left|1+2018-\frac{2018}{2019}\right|+\frac{2018}{2019}=2019\)

a/

Nhận thấy ngay phương trình có 2 nghiệm \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2019\\x=2018\end{matrix}\right.\)

- Với \(x>2019\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2018>1\\x-2019>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left|x-2018\right|^{2019}+\left|x-2019\right|^{2018}>1\Rightarrow\) pt vô nghiệm

- Với \(x< 2018\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2018< 0\\x-2019< -1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2018\right|>0\\\left|x-2019\right|>1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x-2018\right|^{2019}+\left|x-2019\right|^{2018}>1\Rightarrow\) pt vô nghiệm

- Với \(2018< x< 2019\) viết lại pt:

\(\left|x-2018\right|^{2019}+\left|2019-x\right|^{2018}=1\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0< x-2018< 1\\0< 2019-x< 1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2018\right|^{2019}< x-2018\\\left|2019-x\right|^{2018}< 2019-x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x-2018\right|^{2019}+\left|2019-x\right|^{2018}< x-2018+2019-x=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\) pt vô nghiệm

Vậy pt có đúng 2 nghiệm: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2018\\x=2019\end{matrix}\right.\)

b/

Thay \(x=0\) vào pt thấy không phải là nghiệm, chia cả tử và mẫu của các hạng tử vế trái cho x:

\(\frac{2}{x+\frac{1}{x}-1}-\frac{1}{x+\frac{1}{x}+1}=\frac{5}{3}\)

Đặt \(x+\frac{1}{x}=a\) phương trình trở thành:

\(\frac{2}{a-1}-\frac{1}{a+1}=\frac{5}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+1\right)-\left(a-1\right)=\frac{5}{3}\left(a^2-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5a^2-3a-14=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\a=-\frac{7}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=2\\x+\frac{1}{x}=-\frac{7}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x+1=0\\5x^2+7x+5=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=1\)