Gọi tổng là S

\(S=1+\left(5+5^2\right)+\left(5^3+5^4\right)+...+\left(5^{2007}+5^{2008}\right)\)

\(S=1+5.6+5^3.6+....+5^{2007}.6\)

\(S=1+6.\left(5+5^3+...+5^{2007}\right)\)

Vậy S chia 6 dư 1

\(S=\left(1+5+5^2\right)+\left(5^3+5^4+5^5\right)+....+\left(5^{2006}+5^{2007}+5^{2008}\right)\)

\(S=31.1+31.5^3+....+31.5^{2007}\)

\(S=31.\left(1+5^3+....+5^{2007}\right)\)

Vậy S chia hết cho 31 hay S chia 31 dư 0

\(B=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{2009}+3^{2010}\)

\(=\left(3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{2009}+3^{2010}\right)\)

\(=3\left(1+3\right)+3^3\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{2009}\left(1+3\right)\)

\(=4.\left(3+3^3+...+3^{2009}\right)\)

⇒ \(B\) ⋮ 4

b: \(C=5\left(1+5+5^2\right)+...+5^{2008}\left(1+5+5^2\right)=31\cdot\left(5+...+5^{2008}\right)⋮31\)

Lời giải:
a. $(x-3)(y+1)=5=1.5=5.1=(-1)(-5)=(-5)(-1)$
Vì $x-3, y+1$ cũng là số nguyên nên ta có bảng sau:

b.

$A=21+5+(5^2+5^3)+(5^4+5^5)+....+(5^{98}+5^{99})$

$=26+5^2(1+5)+5^4(1+5)+....+5^{98}(1+5)$

$=2+24+(1+5)(5^2+5^4+...+5^{98}$

$=2+24+6(5^2+5^4+....+5^{98})=2+6(4+5^2+5^4+...+5^{98})$

$\Rightarrow A$ chia $6$ dư $2$.

a) \(7.8.9.10⋮2,⋮5\)

    \(2.3.4.5.6⋮2,⋮5\)

    31 ko chia hết 2, ko chia hết 5

=> 7.8.9.10 + 2.3.4.5.6 + 31 ko chia hết 2, không chia hết 5

b) 1.3.5.7.9 \(⋮\)5, ko chia hết 2

  4100 \(⋮\)5 , \(⋮\)2

=> 1.3.5.7.9 + 4100 \(⋮\)5, ko chia hết 2