Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

The tropical Pacific Ocean (1)______________ a warming and cooling cycle. This cycle is a completely natural event and usually (2)___________ between three to seven years.
When the waters become (3)______________, it is called El Nino, and when they become cooler it is called La Nina. During the cycle, the (4)___________ of the ocean can change by around 3oC between the warmest and coolest times .

(5)_____________ of the South American coast have known about this (6)____________ event for hundreds of years. When it (7)____________, they see a huge fall in the numbers of fish caught. But scientists are only just beginning to (8)____________ how the event affects Earth’s weather and climate.

Read the following two passages and choose the correct answer to each question.

Every year in late December, a southward-moving current warms the water along the Pacific coast of Peru. Because the warm current arrives around Christmas, the Peruvians named it El Nino, "boychild". Until the mid 1970s, El Nino was an unrecognised local phenomenon, until scientists began to realise that El Nino, later named EI Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is part of a huge ocean and atmosphere system that is felt as far away as Australia and Indonesia.

Every few years the El Nino current is warmer than normal, causing greater ocean warming and consequently changes in the normal patterns of sea and surface temperatures. The resulting changes in atmospheric pressure affect trade wind speeds and the location of the largest thunderstorms, thus affecting weather patterns around the world. The shift in location of the Pacific's largest thunderstorms, which usually occur from the Western Pacific to the Central Pacific, changes global weather patterns because the thunderstorms pump air into the atmosphere in different places than normal. The result is a shift in the location of high- and low-pressure areas, wind patterns, and the paths followed by storms.

From 1982 to 1983 the El Nino condition caused greater than average precipitation along the US West Coast and sent five hurricanes to French Pollynesia, which normally goes years without hurricanes. That same year, El Nino was linked to floods in Louisiana, Florida, Cuba, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, and to droughts in Hawaii, Mexico, Southern Africa, the Philippines, Indonesia and Australia.

In response to the 1982-83 global weather disruption, the World Meteorological Organization initiated the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program. The goal of the 10-year program is to gain a better understanding of El Nino so scientists can forecast future El Nino episodes and their likely results.

1. Which of the following could be the title of the passage?

A. A Natural Phenomenon

B.An Ocean and Atmosphere System

C.A Kind of "Boychild"

D. The Forecast of the Future

2. The highlighted word "it" in the passage refers to __________.

A. December

B. the warm current

C. Christmas

D. the coast of Peru

3. It can be inferred from the passage that before the mid 1970s the scientists __________.

A.had already realized El Nino

B.knew nothing about El Nino

C. devised the name El Nino

D. felt El Nino in Australia and Indonesia

4. According to the passage, El Nino can affect __________.

A. wind speed

B. world trade

C. the atmosphere

D. the oceans

5. With which of following does the word “initiated” in the passage could best be replaced?

A. produced

B.responded

C. disrupted

D. established

Read the following passage and choose the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 34

The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather patterns (31)__________ strongly affect the  worlD. When the water is warm, the (32)__________ of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could even experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier. This happening is called El Nino and is used by weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will (33)__________  unusually heavy rains to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time. According to research, weather forecasters (used to know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become (34)__________  different. El Nino itself used to be (35)__________ . It would occur every two to seven years. But now, this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this change on a global scale either.

A. complete

B. completely

C. completed

D. completing

Read the following passage and choose the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 32

The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather patterns (31)__________ strongly affect the  worlD. When the water is warm, the (32)__________ of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could even experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier. This happening is called El Nino and is used by weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will (33)__________  unusually heavy rains to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time. According to research, weather forecasters (used to know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become (34)__________  different. El Nino itself used to be (35)__________ . It would occur every two to seven years. But now, this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this change on a global scale either.

A. amount

B. deal

C. figure

D. number

Read the following passage and choose the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 31

The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather patterns (31)__________ strongly affect the  worlD. When the water is warm, the (32)__________ of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could even experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier. This happening is called El Nino and is used by weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will (33)__________  unusually heavy rains to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time. According to research, weather forecasters (used to know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become (34)__________  different. El Nino itself used to be (35)__________ . It would occur every two to seven years. But now, this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this change on a global scale either.

A. what

B. when

C. whether

D. that

Read the following passage and choose the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 33

The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather patterns (31)__________ strongly affect the  worlD. When the water is warm, the (32)__________ of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could even experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier. This happening is called El Nino and is used by weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will (33)__________  unusually heavy rains to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time. According to research, weather forecasters (used to know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become (34)__________  different. El Nino itself used to be (35)__________ . It would occur every two to seven years. But now, this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this change on a global scale either.

A. fetch

B. bring

C. take

D. carry

Read the following passage and choose the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 31

The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather patterns (31)__________ strongly affect the  worlD. When the water is warm, the (32)__________ of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could even experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier. This happening is called El Nino and is used by weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will (33)__________  unusually heavy rains to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time. According to research, weather forecasters (used to know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become (34)__________  different. El Nino itself used to be (35)__________ . It would occur every two to seven years. But now, this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this change on a global scale either.

A. notable

B. incredible

C. predictable

D.remarkable

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29. Fill in the appropriate word in question 27

  The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather pattern (25)_______ strongly affect the world. When the water is warm, the amount of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could (26)_______ experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier.

  This happening is called El Nino and is used (27)_______ weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will bring unusually rain to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time.

  According to research, weather forecasters (28)_______ know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become completely different.

  El Nino itself used to be predictable. It would occur every two to seven years. But now this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this (29)_______ on the global scale either.

A. to

B. by

C. on

D. at

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29. Fill in the appropriate word in question 26

  The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather pattern (25)_______ strongly affect the world. When the water is warm, the amount of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could (26)_______ experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier.

  This happening is called El Nino and is used (27)_______ weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will bring unusually rain to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time.

  According to research, weather forecasters (28)_______ know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become completely different.

  El Nino itself used to be predictable. It would occur every two to seven years. But now this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this (29)_______ on the global scale either.

A. nevertheless

B. ever

C.even

D. however