Đáp án B

Lấy 1 mol Fe và x mol Mg

Đáp án B

Fe+2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

a      2a           a           a

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂+H₂

b         2b         b         b

m_{chất rắn X} = 56a + 24b ; m_ddHCl = 36,5/20% .2.(a + b) = 365(a + b)

⇒ m_{ddsau pư} = 56a + 24b + 365(a + b) – 2(a + b) = 419a + 387b

.100 = 15,76

Giải PT ⇒ a = b  ⇒ .100 = 11,79%

a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{Mg}=2x+2y\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}+n_{Mg}=x+y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=36,5.\left(2x+2y\right)=73\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{73\left(x+y\right)}{20\%}=365\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = m_Fe + m_Mg + m _{dd HCl} - m_H2 = 56x + 24y + 365.(x+y) - 2.(x+y) = 419x + 387y (g)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=11,87\%\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{95y}{419x+387y}=0,1187\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=0,9865\Rightarrow x=0,9865y\)

Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127x}{419x+387y}.100\%=\dfrac{127.0,9865y}{419.0,9865y+387y}.100\%\approx15,65\%\) 

Chọn đáp án B

L ấ y   1   m o l F e :   x   m o l M g : x - 1   m o l

F e + 2 H C l → F e C l 2 + H 2 ↑ x                 2 x                       x                       x

M g       +       2 H C l       →       M g C l 2         +       H 2 ↑ 1 - x         2 1 - x                 1 - x                   1 - x

n H 2 = 1   m o l ,       n H C l = 2   m o l ⇒ m d d H C l = 2 . 36 , 5 . 100 20 = 365 g m d d Y = 56 x + 24 1 - x + 365 - 1 . 2 = 387 + 32 x

C % F e C l 2 = 127 x 387 + 32 x . 100 % = 15 , 76 % ⇒ x = 0 , 5   m o l ⇒ C % M g C l 2 = 95 . 0 , 5 387 + 32 . 0 , 5 . 100 % = 11 , 79 %

\(a)2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ b)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+b=0,25\\27a+56b=8,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ a=\dfrac{19}{470};b=\dfrac{121}{940}\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{470}\cdot27}{8,3}\cdot100=13,15\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=100-13,15=86,85\%\\ c)n_{HCl}=3\cdot\dfrac{19}{470}+2\cdot\dfrac{121}{940}=\dfrac{89}{235}mol\\ m_{ddHCl=}=\dfrac{\dfrac{89}{235}\cdot36,5}{7,3}\cdot100=189g\\ d)n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=\dfrac{19}{470}mol\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{121}{940}mol\)

\(m_{dd}=8,3+189-0,25.2=196,8g\\ C_{\%AlCl_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{470}\cdot133,8}{196,8}\cdot100=2,8\%\\ C_{\%FeCl_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{121}{940}127}{196,8}\cdot100=8,3\%\)

a, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.24,79=6,1975\left(l\right)\)

\(a=C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\)

b, Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: \(n_{AgNO_3}=0,4.1,3=0,52\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2AgNO_3+FeCl_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl_{\downarrow}\)

______0,5______0,25______0,25________0,5 (mol)

\(AgNO_3+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+Ag_{\downarrow}\)

0,02______0,02________0,02________0,02 (mol)

⇒ m = m_AgCl + m_Ag = 0,5.143,5 + 0,02.108 = 73,91 (g)

- Dd sau pư gồm: Fe(NO₃)₃: 0,02 (mol) và Fe(NO₃)₂: 0,25 - 0,02 = 0,23 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,4}=0,04\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,23}{0,1+0,4}=0,46\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ a.V=\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot22,4=5,6\left(L\right)\\ a=\dfrac{\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot2}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\\ b.n_{AgNO_3}=0,4\cdot1,3=0,52mol\\ FeCl_2+AgNO_3->Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgCl\\ Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgNO_3->Ag+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\\ m=0,25\cdot143,5+0,25\cdot108=62,875\left(g\right)\\ C_{M\left(AgNO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,5}=0,04M\\ C_{M\left(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,5}=0,5M\)