a.

$xy=-21=7.(-3)=(-7).3=3.(-7)=(-3).7=21.(-1)=(-21).1=(-1).21=1(-21)$

Do đó $(x,y)=(7,-3); (-7,3); (3,-7); (-3,7); (21,-1); (-21,1); (-1,21); (1,-21)$

b.

$(x+5)(y-3)=14=1.14=14.1=(-14)(-1)=(-1)(-14)=2.7=7.2=(-2)(-7)=(-7)(-2)$

Do đó:

$(x+5,y-3)=(1,14); (14,1); (-14,-1); (-1,-14); (2,7); (7,2); (-2,-7); (-7,-2)$

Đến đây thì đơn giản rồi.

c.

$x(y-2)=-19$, bạn làm tương tự

d. Tương tự

a) Ta có: (x+1)(y-2)=-2

nên x+1; y-2 là các ước của -2

Trường hợp 1:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-1\\y-2=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trường hợp 2: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\\y-2=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trường hợp 3: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-2\\y-2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trường hợp 4: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\y-2=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: (x,y)\(\in\){(-2;4);(1;1);(-3;3);(0;0)}

b) Ta có: (x+1)(xy-1)=3

nên x+1;xy-1 là các ước của 3

Trường hợp 1: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\xy-1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\-1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow loại\)

Trường hợp 2: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=3\\xy-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\2y-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\2y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trường hợp 3: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-1\\xy-1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\-2y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trường hợp 4: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-3\\xy-1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\-4y-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\-4y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\left(loại\right)\)

Vậy: \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(2;1\right);\left(-2;1\right)\right\}\)

c) Ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-x\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vây: (x,y)=(-1;1)

d) Ta có: \(\left|x+y\right|\cdot\left(x-y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x+y\right|=0\\x-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y=0\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: (x,y)=(0;0)

Câu 2: 

a: x=25

Câu 2: 

a: x=25

b: x=13;-13

Câu 2:

a: \(\Leftrightarrow x-15=10\)

hay x=25

a: (x-2)(y-3)=5

=>\(\left(x-2\right)\cdot\left(y-3\right)=1\cdot5=5\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-5\right)=\left(-5\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)\)

=>\(\left(x-2;y-3\right)\in\left\{\left(1;5\right);\left(5;1\right);\left(-1;-5\right);\left(-5;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(3;8\right);\left(7;4\right);\left(1;-2\right);\left(-3;2\right)\right\}\)

b: (2x-1)*(y-4)=-11

=>\(\left(2x-1\right)\cdot\left(y-4\right)=1\cdot\left(-11\right)=\left(-11\right)\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot11=11\cdot\left(-1\right)\)

=>\(\left(2x-1;y-4\right)\in\left\{\left(1;-11\right);\left(-11;1\right);\left(-1;11\right);\left(11;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;-7\right);\left(-5;5\right);\left(0;15\right);\left(6;3\right)\right\}\)

c: xy-2x+y=3

=>\(x\left(y-2\right)+y-2=1\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y-2\right)=1\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(y-2\right)=1\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+1;y-2\right)\in\left\{\left(1;1\right);\left(-1;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;3\right);\left(-2;1\right)\right\}\)