a/ Tam giác AMN cân tại A (gt). \(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{AMN}=\widehat{ANM};AM=AN.\)

Xét tam giác AMB và tam giác ANC có:

+ AM = AN (cmt).

+ \(\widehat{AMB}=\widehat{ANC}\left(\widehat{AMN}=\widehat{ANM}\right).\)

+ MB = NC (gt).

\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác AMB = Tam giác ANC (c - g - c).

\(\Rightarrow\) AB = AC (cặp cạnh tương ứng).

Xét tam giác ABC có: AB = AC (cmt).

\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác ABC cân tại A.

b/ Tam giác ABC cân tại A (cmt) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{ABC}=\widehat{ACB}.\)

Mà \(\widehat{ABC}=\widehat{MBH;}\widehat{ACB}=\widehat{NCK}\text{​​}\) (đối đỉnh).

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{MBH}=\widehat{NCK}.\)

Xét tam giác MBH và tam giác NCK \(\left(\widehat{BHM}=\widehat{CKN}=90^o\right)\)có:

+ MB = NC (gt).

+ \(\widehat{MBH}=\widehat{NCK}\left(cmt\right).\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác MBH = Tam giác NCK (cạnh huyền - góc nhọn).

c/ Tam giác MBH = Tam giác NCK (cmt).

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{BMH}=\widehat{CNK}\) (cặp góc tương ứng).

Xét tam giác OMN có: \(\widehat{NMO}=\widehat{MNO}\) (do \(\widehat{BMH}=\widehat{CNK}\)).

\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác OMN tại O.

\(2\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)+3\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow5\overrightarrow{IA}+2\overrightarrow{AB}+3\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{JB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+3\overrightarrow{JB}+3\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{BJ}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AI}.\overrightarrow{BJ}=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=-\dfrac{2}{5}AB^2+\dfrac{9}{20}AC^2-\dfrac{3}{10}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=-\dfrac{3}{5}a^2+\dfrac{9}{20}a^2-\dfrac{3}{10}a^2.cos60^0=-\dfrac{3}{10}a^2\)

b.

Từ câu a ta có

\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\) (1)

\(\overrightarrow{JA}+3\overrightarrow{JC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{JA}+3\overrightarrow{JA}+3\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{JA}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\) (2)

Cộng vế (1) và (2):

\(\overrightarrow{JA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{JI}=\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{3}{20}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Rightarrow IJ^2=\overrightarrow{JI}^2=\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{3}{20}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{25}AB^2+\dfrac{9}{400}AC^2-\dfrac{9}{50}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{9}{25}a^2+\dfrac{9}{400}a^2-\dfrac{9}{50}.a^2.cos60^0=...\)

c.

Từ câu b ta có:

\(\overrightarrow{IJ}.\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{JI}.\overrightarrow{CB}=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{3}{20}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{5}AB^2+\dfrac{3}{20}AC^2-\dfrac{11}{20}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{5}a^2+\dfrac{3}{20}a^2-\dfrac{11}{20}.a^2.cos60^0=...\)

Câu 5:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=4\left('\right)\\x-y-xy=2\left(''\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy=4\\x-y-xy=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy=4\left(1\right)\\2\left(x-y\right)-2xy=4\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Lấy \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\) ta được:

\(\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)+1-9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)^2-9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x-y+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-y=2\\x-y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(x-y=2\) Thay vào \(\left(''\right)\) ta được:

\(2-xy=2\Rightarrow xy=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow y=-2\\y=0\Rightarrow x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(x-y=4\Rightarrow x=4+y\) Thay vào \(\left('\right)\) ta được:

\(\left(4+y\right)^2+y^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+8y+16+y^2-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2+8y+12=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+4y+6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+2\right)^2+2=0\) (phương trình vô nghiệm).

Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(2;0\right),\left(0;-2\right)\right\}\)

Câu 6: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2xy+y^2=3\left('\right)\\x^2+5xy=6\left(''\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4xy+2y^2=6\left(1\right)\\x^2+5xy=6\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Lấy \(\left(2\right)-\left(1\right)\) ta được:

\(x^2+xy-2y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y^2+xy-y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+y\left(x-y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+2y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-2y\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(x=y\) Thay vào \(\left('\right)\) ta được:

\(2y.y+y^2=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=\pm1\Rightarrow x=\pm1\).

Với \(x=-2y\) Thay vào \(\left('\right)\) ta được:

\(2.\left(-2y\right).y+y^2=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2=-1\) (phương trình vô nghiệm)

Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;1\right),\left(-1;-1\right)\right\}\)

Câu 4: \(Đk:x>-1;y>-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}}\left(a>0\right)\\b=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2y+1}}\left(b>0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Hệ phương trình đã cho trở thành:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+b=5\\3a+2b=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b=10\\3a+2b=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+b=5\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}}=1\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2y+1}}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=1\\\sqrt{2y+1}=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\2y+1=\dfrac{1}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-\dfrac{4}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\left(nhận\right)\)