Câu 5:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=4\left('\right)\\x-y-xy=2\left(''\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy=4\\x-y-xy=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy=4\left(1\right)\\2\left(x-y\right)-2xy=4\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\) ta được:
\(\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)+1-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)^2-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x-y+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-y=2\\x-y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(x-y=2\) Thay vào \(\left(''\right)\) ta được:
\(2-xy=2\Rightarrow xy=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow y=-2\\y=0\Rightarrow x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(x-y=4\Rightarrow x=4+y\) Thay vào \(\left('\right)\) ta được:
\(\left(4+y\right)^2+y^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+8y+16+y^2-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2+8y+12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+4y+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+2\right)^2+2=0\) (phương trình vô nghiệm).
Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(2;0\right),\left(0;-2\right)\right\}\)
Câu 6: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2xy+y^2=3\left('\right)\\x^2+5xy=6\left(''\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4xy+2y^2=6\left(1\right)\\x^2+5xy=6\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy \(\left(2\right)-\left(1\right)\) ta được:
\(x^2+xy-2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y^2+xy-y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+y\left(x-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-2y\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(x=y\) Thay vào \(\left('\right)\) ta được:
\(2y.y+y^2=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=\pm1\Rightarrow x=\pm1\).
Với \(x=-2y\) Thay vào \(\left('\right)\) ta được:
\(2.\left(-2y\right).y+y^2=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2=-1\) (phương trình vô nghiệm)
Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;1\right),\left(-1;-1\right)\right\}\)
Câu 4: \(Đk:x>-1;y>-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}}\left(a>0\right)\\b=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2y+1}}\left(b>0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Hệ phương trình đã cho trở thành:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+b=5\\3a+2b=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b=10\\3a+2b=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+b=5\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}}=1\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2y+1}}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=1\\\sqrt{2y+1}=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\2y+1=\dfrac{1}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-\dfrac{4}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\left(nhận\right)\)