Ta có : \(x+y+z+5=2\sqrt{x-1}+4\sqrt{y-3}+6\sqrt{z-5}\left(DK:x\ge1;y\ge3;z\ge5\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x-1\right)-2\sqrt{x-1}+1\right]+\left[\left(y-3\right)-4\sqrt{y-3}+4\right]+\left[\left(z-5\right)-6\sqrt{z-5}+9\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-3}-2\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-5}-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2=0\\\left(\sqrt{y-3}-2\right)^2=0\\\left(\sqrt{z-5}-3\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=7\\z=14\end{cases}}\)(TMDK)

Vậy nghiệm của phương trình là : \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(2;7;14\right)\)

a,

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)+\left(y-2-4\sqrt{y-2}+4\right)+\left(z-3-6\sqrt{z-3}+9\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-2}-2\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-3}-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-1}-1=0\\\sqrt{y-2}-2=0\\\sqrt{z-3}-3=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=6\\z=12\end{cases}}\)

\(\sqrt{x-y+z}=\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\)

Điều kiện tự làm nhé

\(\Leftrightarrow x-y+z=x+y+z+2\left(\sqrt{xz}-\sqrt{xy}-\sqrt{yz}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y+\sqrt{xz}-\sqrt{xy}-\sqrt{yz}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=y\\z=y\end{cases}}\)

Bình phương 2 vế và phân tích nhân tử (: 
 

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z-2\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{y-1}-2\sqrt{z-2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2-2.\sqrt{x}.1+1^2\right]+\left[\left(\sqrt{y-1}\right)^2+2.\sqrt{y-1}.1+1^2\right]+\left[\left(\sqrt{z-2}\right)^2+2.\sqrt{z-x}.1+1^2\right]-1+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-2}-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1=0\)

\(\sqrt{y-1}-1=0\)

\(\sqrt{z-2}-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1;y=2;z=3\)

\(x+y+z+8=2\sqrt[]{x-1}+4\sqrt[]{y-2}+6\sqrt[]{z-3}\left(1\right)\)

Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopxki :

\(\left(2\sqrt[]{x-1}+4\sqrt[]{y-2}+6\sqrt[]{z-3}\right)^2\le\left(2^2+4^2+6^2\right)\left(x-1+y-2+z-3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt[]{x-1}+4\sqrt[]{y-2}+6\sqrt[]{z-3}\right)^2\le56^{ }\left(x+y+z-6\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt[]{x-1}+4\sqrt[]{y-2}+6\sqrt[]{z-3}\right)^2\le56^{ }\left(x+y+z+8\right)-784\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi

\(\dfrac{x-1}{2}=\dfrac{y-2}{4}=\dfrac{z-3}{8}=\dfrac{x+y+z-6}{14}\left(2\right)\)

Đặt \(t=x+y+z+8\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t^2=56t-784\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-56t+784=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-28\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t=28\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z+8=28\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z-6=14\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-1}{2}=\dfrac{y-2}{4}=\dfrac{z-3}{8}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1.2=2\\y-2=1.4=4\\z-2=1.8=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=6\\z=10\end{matrix}\right.\) thỏa mãn đề bài