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Câu hỏi của Ngô Ngọc Anh - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath

BĐt phụ : \(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)

c/m :\(3a^2-3ab+3b^2\ge a^2+ab+b^2\)

↔\(2a^2-4ab+2b^2\ge0\)

↔\(2\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

Giải ;

ta có:\(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}=\left(a-b\right)+\left(b-c\right)+\left(c-a\right)=0\)

→\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)(1)

mà \(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\)

↔\(\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\)

tương tự ta có:\(\frac{b^3+c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(b+c\right)\);\(\frac{c^3+a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+c\right)\)

cộng vế vs vế ta có:

\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

từ (1)→\(2\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

↔ \(S\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)(đặt S luôn cho tiện)

dấu = xảy ra khi BĐt ở đầu đúng :\(\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\)mà a+b+c=3↔a=b=c=1

Ta có: \(P=\Sigma\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}{2}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a =b =c = 1.

True?

Ta có : 

\(P=\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2}.\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi  a=b=c=1 

Áp dụng BĐT cô-si, ta có \(a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3abc\Rightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Mà \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+ab}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}=2\frac{a^2+b^2}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}\)

tương tự thì \(P\ge\frac{3}{2}+2\left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{2b^2+a^2+c^2}\right)\)

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+b^2=x\\b^2+c^2=y\\c^2+a^2=z\end{cases}}\)

ta có \(P\ge\frac{3}{2}+2\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)=\frac{3}{2}+2\left(\frac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\frac{y^2}{yz+yx}+\frac{z^2}{zx+zy}\right)\)

=>\(P\ge\frac{3}{2}+2.\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}+2.\frac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}+3=\frac{9}{2}\)

dấu  xảy ra <>a=b=c>0 

Vậy ...

^_^

1/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel :

\(A\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}=\frac{3}{3}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1 

\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)

\(=\frac{a^4}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\frac{b^4}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\frac{c^4}{c^3+ac^2+ca^2}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(a+c\right)}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\)

\(\ge\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{a+b+c}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)