Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced in chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Although bioluminescence is a relatively complicated process, it can be reduced to simple terms. Living light occurs when luciferin and oxygen combine in the presence of luciferase. In a few cases, fireflies the most common, an additional compound called ATP is required.

The earliest recorded experiments with bioluminescence in the late 1800s are attributed to Raphael Dubois, who extracted a luminous fluid from a clam, observing that it continued to glow in the test tube for several minutes. He named the substance luciferin, which means “the bearer of life”. In further research, Dubois discovered that several chemicals were required for bioluminescence to occur. In his notes, it was recorded that a second important substance, which he called luciferase, was always present. In later study of small, luminous sea creatures, Newton Harley concluded that luciferin was composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are the building blocks of all living cells. He also proved that there are a variety of luciferin and luciferase, specific to the plants and animals that produce them.

Much remains unknown, but many scientists who are studying bioluminescence now believe that the origin of the phenomenon may be traced to a time when there was no oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. When oxygen was gradually introduced to the atmosphere, it was actually poisonous to life forms, plants and animals produced light to use up the oxygen in a gradual but necessary adaptation. It is speculated that millions of years ago, all life may have produced light to survive. As the millennia passed, life forms on Earth became tolerant of, and finally dependent on oxygen, and the adaptation that produced bioluminescence was no longer necessary, but some primitive plants and animals continued to use the light for new functions such as mating or attracting prey.

Question 41: Bioluminescence is described as all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. a complex chemicals process

B. an adaptation of early plants and animals to the environment

C. a form of cold light

D. a poisonous substance

I.           Rewrite the following sentences as directed.

1.     It is impossible to get in without a ticket.                               If ……………………………………………………………..

2.     He runs around the park every morning so he keeps very fit. If ……………………………………………………………..

3.     He lives in the South, so he can grow a lot of flowers.           If ……………………………………..……..………………..

4.     Choose the words carefully or you will be in trouble.              If ……………………………………………………………..

5.     She goes to bed early, so she always wakes up in time.        If ……………………………………………………………..

6.     Please help me or I won’t be able to solve this problem.        If ……………………………………………………………..

7.     Stop complaining or you will lose the few friends you have.      If……………………………………………………………..

8.     The twins don’t see their friends often because they are very busy..      If……………………………………………………

9.     Clean up the kitchen tonight or you’ll have to clean it up early tomorrow. If …………………………………………………

10.  Because I don’t take good care of the garden, the flowers don’t bloom.   If …………………………………………………

VIII. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly
the same as the sentence printed before it.
a) It was so late that nothing could be done
It was too late t….o do anything/ late for anything to is done
b) I asked the hotel porter to wake me at 8 o’clock the following morning.
“Please (can/ could/would you) wake me at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning,” I said to the
hotel porter.
c) They’ll have to change the date of the meeting again.
The date of the meeting will have to be changed again
d) The garage is going to repair the car for us next week.
We are going to have/ get the car repaired
e) The bus takes longer than the train.
The train doesn’t take as long as the bus /takes shorter time than the bus
f) John has not had his hair cut for over six months.
It is over six months since John had/ got his hair cut
g) My husband didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station.
If my wishes (that) she had been put / they had put her in a higher class
h) Would you like me to finish the work tonight
I’ll finish the work tonight if you like/you want me to

i) You may get hungry on the train, so take some sandwiches.
In case you get hungry, you’d better/ should/ ought to take some sandwiches.
IX. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.
1. I was very _______________ in the lesson because our teacher is very
_______________ in history. (interest)
2. My friend is a very _______________ sort of person but he hates doing
_______________ activities. (relax)
3. Studying for exams is very _______________ I get _______________ when I open
my school books. (tire)
4. We were all very _______________ about the school trip but it wasn’t an
_______________ trip at all. (excite)
5. It’s a _______________ book and I’m _______________ every time I start reading it
(bore)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 10

A. children

B. Generation

C. people  

D. tribe

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 9

A. focus

B. move

C. hand

D. pass