\(x^4-6x^3+54x-81\)

\(=x^4+3x^3-9x^3+27x^2-27x^2 +81x-27x-81\)

\(=\left(x^4+3x^3\right)-\left(9x^3+27x^2\right)+\left(27x^2+81x\right)-\left(27+81\right)\)

\(=x^3\left(x+3\right)-9x^2\left(x+3\right)+27x\left(x+3\right)-27\left(x+3\right)\)

\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^3-9x^2+27x-27\right)\)

\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)^3\)

a) 16x²-(x²+4)²= (4x)²-(x²+4)²

                      = (4x-x²-4)(4x+x²+4)

\(\text{b) 27x^3-54x^2+36x-8=[(3x)^3-3.(3x)^2.2+3.3x.2^2-2^3}]\)

                                                      = (3x-2)³
\(\text{c) (x+y)^3 - (x-y)^3= (x+y-x+y)[(x+y)^2+(x+y)(x-y)+(x-y)^2]}\)

                                   =2y(x²+2xy+y²+x²-y²+x²-2xy+y²)

                                   = 2y(3x²+y²)

x^5+2x^4+2x^3+2x^2+2x+1

=(x^5+x^4)+(x^4+x^3)+(x^3+x^2)+(x^2+x)+(x+1)

=x^4(x+1)+x^3(x+1)+x^2(x+1)+x(x+1)+(x+1)

=(x+1)(x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1)

\(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+1=x^4+x^2+x^3+x+x^2+1\)

\(=x^2\left(x^2+1\right)+x\left(x^2+1\right)+1\left(x^2+1\right)\)

\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

cái cuối là \(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

Lời giải:

$x^3-4x^2-12x+27$

$=(x^3+3x^2)-(7x^2+21x)+(9x+27)$

$=x^2(x+3)-7x(x+3)+9(x+3)$

$=(x+3)(x^2-7x+9)$

x⁴+x³+2x²+x+1=x⁴+x³+x²+x²+x+1=(x⁴+x³+x²)+(x²+x+1)

                                                      =x²(x²+x+1)+(x²+x+1)

                                                       =(x²+x+1)(x²+1)

=(x^4+2x^2+1)+(x^3+x)

=(x^2+1)^2+x(x^2+1)

(x^+1)*(x^2+1+x0