a) $A=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+3^6+....+3^{28}+3^{29}+3^{30}$

$\iff A=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+\left(3^4+3^5+3^6\right)+....+\left(3^{28}+3^{29}+3^{30}\right)$

$\iff A=3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^4\left(1+3+3^2\right)+....+3^{28}\left(1+3+3^2\right)$

$\iff A=3.13+3^4.13+....+3^{28}.13$

$\iff A=13\left(3+3^4+....+3^{28}\right)⋮13\left(dpcm\right)$

b) $A=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+3^6+....+3^{25}+3^{26}+3^{27}+3^{28}+3^{29}+3^{30}$

$\iff A=\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+3^6\right)+....+\left(3^{25}+3^{26}+3^{27}+3^{28}+3^{29}+3^{30}\right)$

$\iff A=3\left(1+3+3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+....+3^{25}\left(1+3+3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5\right)$

$\iff A=3.364+....+3^{25}.364$

$\iff A=364\left(3+3^5+3^{10}+....+3^{25}\right)$

$\iff A=52.7\left(3+3^5+3^{10}+....+3^{25}\right)⋮52\left(dpcm\right)$

Lời giải:

Ta thấy

$3^2\vdots 9$

$3^3=3^2.3\vdots 9$

......

$3^{20}=3^2.3^{18}\vdots 9$

$\Rightarrow 3^2+3^3+...+3^{20}\vdots 9$

$\Rightarrow A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{20}$ chia hết cho 3 nhưng không chia hết cho 9

$\Rightarrow A$ không thể là số chính phương.

Lời giải:

$A=1+3+3^2+(3^3+3^4+3^5+3^6)+(3^7+3^8+3^9+3^{10})+...+(3^{87}+3^{88}+3^{89}+3^{90})$

$=13+3^3(1+3+3^2+3^3)+3^7(1+3+3^2+3^3)+....+3^{87}(1+3+3^2+3^3)$

$=13+(1+3+3^2+3^3)(3^3+3^7+...+3^{87})$

$=13+40(3^3+3^7+...+3^{87})$

$\Rightarrow A$ chia 5 dư 3

Do đó A không là scp.

Ta có: 

\(A=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{90}\)

\(3A=3\cdot\left(1+3+3^2+...+3^{90}\right)\)

\(3A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{91}\)

\(3A-A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{91}-1-3-3^2-...-3^{90}\)

\(2A=3^{91}-1\)

\(A=\dfrac{3^{91}-1}{2}\)

Mà: \(3^{91}-1\) không phải là số chính phương nên \(A=\dfrac{3^{91}-1}{2}\) không phải là số chính phương 

A=1+3+3^2...+3^30  (1)

Nhan 2 ve voi 3 ta duoc : 

3A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^31             (2)

Lay (2)-(1) ta duoc : 

2A=1+3^31

2A=1+...7

2A=...8

A=...8:2

A=...4

Vay A khong phai la so chinh phuong

**** nhe