Bài 1:

$M=\frac{27}{x-15}-1$

Để $M$ min thì $\frac{27}{x-15}$ min. 

Để $\frac{27}{x-15}$ min thì $x-15$ là số âm lớn nhất 

$\Rightarrow x$ là số nguyên lớn nhất nhỏ hơn 15

$\Rightarrow x=14$

Khi đó: $M_{\min}=\frac{42-14}{14-15}=-28$

Bài 2:

\(\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^x+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x-4}=17\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x-4}\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^4+1\right]=17\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x-4}.\dfrac{17}{16}=17\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x-4}=16=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{-4}\)

$\Rightarrow x-4=-4\Leftrightarrow x=0$

\(M=\frac{42-x}{x-15}=\frac{-\left(x-15\right)+27}{x-15}=-1+\frac{27}{x-15}\)

Để M∈Z⇔x−15∈Ư(27)={±1;±3;±9}

Mà để M min ⇔27x−15⇔27x−15 min ⇔x−15⇔x−15 max ⇔x−15=9⇔x=24

Vậy MinM=−1+279=2⇔x=24

\(M=\dfrac{2^2.3^2.4^2.....20^2}{1.3.2.4.3.5.4.6.5.7.6.8.7.9....19.21}=\)

\(=\dfrac{2^2.3^2.4^2....20^2}{1.2.3^2.4^2....19^2.20.21}=\dfrac{2.20}{21}=\dfrac{40}{21}\)

\(N=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{4}.....\dfrac{10}{11}=\dfrac{1}{11}\)