a, Xét \(\dfrac{x}{-5}=2\Rightarrow x=-10\)

\(\dfrac{y}{4}=2\Leftrightarrow y=8\)

b, \(xy=6\Rightarrow x;y\inƯ\left(6\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm3;\pm6\right\}\)

x=4,y=3

     3x=4y

<=>x/y=4/3

<=>x=4k;y=3k(k là số tự nhiên khác 0)

\(x+y+z+8=2\sqrt[]{x-1}+4\sqrt[]{y-2}+6\sqrt[]{z-3}\left(1\right)\)

Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopxki :

\(\left(2\sqrt[]{x-1}+4\sqrt[]{y-2}+6\sqrt[]{z-3}\right)^2\le\left(2^2+4^2+6^2\right)\left(x-1+y-2+z-3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt[]{x-1}+4\sqrt[]{y-2}+6\sqrt[]{z-3}\right)^2\le56^{ }\left(x+y+z-6\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt[]{x-1}+4\sqrt[]{y-2}+6\sqrt[]{z-3}\right)^2\le56^{ }\left(x+y+z+8\right)-784\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi

\(\dfrac{x-1}{2}=\dfrac{y-2}{4}=\dfrac{z-3}{8}=\dfrac{x+y+z-6}{14}\left(2\right)\)

Đặt \(t=x+y+z+8\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t^2=56t-784\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-56t+784=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-28\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t=28\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z+8=28\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z-6=14\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-1}{2}=\dfrac{y-2}{4}=\dfrac{z-3}{8}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1.2=2\\y-2=1.4=4\\z-2=1.8=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=6\\z=10\end{matrix}\right.\) thỏa mãn đề bài

dat \(\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{4}=k\)-> x=5k va y=4.k

thay x=5k va y=4k vao x²-y²=1 ta duoc

(5k)²-(4k)²=1

25k²-16k²=1

9k²=1

k²=\(\frac{1}{9}=\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2\)

-> k=1/3 hay k=-1/3

voi K=1/3--> x=5.1/3=5/3 va y=4.1/3=4/3

voi K=-1/3->x=5.-1/3=-5/3 va y=4.-1/3=-4/3

\(\dfrac{x}{18}=\dfrac{4}{3}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{18.4}{3}=24\\ \dfrac{20}{y}=\dfrac{4}{3}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{20.3}{4}=15\\ \dfrac{z}{21}=\dfrac{4}{3}\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{21.4}{3}=28\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{18}\) = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\)

⇒ x = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) . 18

⇒ x = 24

\(\dfrac{20}{y}\) = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\)

⇒ y = 20 : \(\dfrac{4}{3}\)

⇒ y = 15

\(\dfrac{z}{21}\) = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\)

⇒ z = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) . 21

⇒ z = 28

⇒ x + y + z = 24 + 15 + 28 = 67

Vậy x + y + z = 67

x = 24, y = 15, z = 28;

a;\(\frac{x}{-3}=\frac{4}{y}\)

\(\Rightarrow xy=-12\)

\(\Rightarrow x;y\inƯ\left(-12\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm3;\pm4;\pm6;\pm12\right\}\)

Xét bảng 

Vậy.................................................

b,\(\frac{2}{x}=\frac{y}{-9}\)

\(\Rightarrow xy=-18\)

\(\Rightarrow x;y\inƯ\left(-18\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm3;\pm6;\pm9;\pm18\right\}\)

Xét bảng

Vậy...................................

c;\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{7}\)

\(\Rightarrow xy=21\)

\(\Rightarrow x;y\inƯ\left(21\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3;\pm7;\pm21\right\}\)

Xét bảng

Vậy..........................