Với n =1 thì A < 3. Vậy ta phải đi chứng minh A < 3

Giả sử A < 3 đúng với n = k. Ta có:

\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{2}{k^2+3k}\right)< 3\)

\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\left(\frac{k^2+3k+2}{k\left(k+3\right)}\right)\)

\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{k\left(k+3\right)}\)

Ta phải đi chứng minh A < 3 đúng với n = k +1 tức là phải chứng minh:

\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{k\left(k+3\right)}+\left(1+\frac{2}{\left(k+1\right)^2+3\left(k+1\right)}\right)\)  \(< 3+\frac{\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+4\right)}\)

Ta sẽ có:

\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{k\left(k+3\right)}+\left(1+\frac{2}{k^2+2k+1+3k+3}\right)\)

\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{k\left(k+3\right)}+\frac{k^2+5k+6}{k^2+5k+4}\)

\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{k\left(k+3\right)}+\frac{\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+4\right)}\) \(< 3+\frac{\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+4\right)}\)

Vậy A đúng với n = k + 1 thì A đúng với n = k

Vậy A < 3 là điều phải chứng minh.

(Phương pháp quy nạp toán học)

\(\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+1+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)+\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)\)

\(=3+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)+\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)\)

Có: \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}>0\)

\(1+1+1+...+1>0\)

=> \(3+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)+\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)>3\)

Hay \(\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)>3\)

Ta thấy: 1+ 2/ n^2+3n = n^2+3n+2 / n(n+3) =(n+1)(n+2) /n(n+3)

Áp dụng công thức trên,ta có:

A= (1+2/4 )(1+ 2/10)(1+2/18).....(1+2/ n^2+3n)

=(1+2 /1x4)( 1+2 /2x5)(1+2 /3x6).....[ (n+1)(n+2)/ n(n+3)]

=(2x3 /1x4)(3x4 /2x5)(4x5 /3x6).....[ (n+1)(n+2) /n(n+3)]

= 3x(n+1 /n+3)

Vì n+1 /n+3 <1 với mọi n thuộc N nên 3x(n+1 /n+3) <3

Vậy A<3

Ta có : \(A=\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)...\left(1-\frac{1}{19}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{20}\right)\)

               \(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}....\frac{18}{19}.\frac{19}{20}\)

               \(=\frac{1.2....18.19}{2.3...19.20}\)

               \(=\frac{1}{20}>\frac{1}{21}\)

Vậy A > 1/21

\(\frac{3}{2^2}.\frac{8}{3^2}.\frac{15}{4^2}.....\frac{899}{30^2}\)

\(=\frac{1.3}{2.2}.\frac{2.4}{3.3}.\frac{3.5}{4.4}.....\frac{29.31}{30.30}=\frac{1.2.3.....29}{2.3.4.....30}.\frac{3.4.5.....31}{2.3.4.....30}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{31}{30}=\frac{31}{60}\)

Cho mk sửa xíu : ( 1/2)^-1 ; (1/2)^-2

(1/2)^-1=2

(1/2)^-2=4

có 2<4

=>(1/2)^-1<(1/2)^-2

Ta có :

 \(\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-1}=\left(2^{-1}\right)^{-1}=2\)

\(\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{-1}=3\)

\(\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-2}=\left(2^{-1}\right)^{-2}=2^2=4\)

\(\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^{-1}=\left(4^{-1}\right)^{-1}=4\)

\(\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{-2}=\left(3^{-1}\right)^{-2}=3^2=9\)

Do đó ta có :

\(\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-1}< \left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{-1}< \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-2}=\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^{-1}< \left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{-2}\)