\(a^2+c^2+2ac+2bd=b^2+d^2+2ac+2bd\)

\(\left(a+c\right)^2-\left(b+d\right)^2=2\left(ac-bd\right)\)

\(\left(a+c+b+d\right)\left(a+c-b-d\right)=2\left(ac-bd\right)\)

Nếu ac =bd => a+c =b+d => a+c+b+d = 2(a +c) => là hợp số

Nếu ac -bd khác 0  => ?????????????????

bài 1b

+)Nếu n chẵn ,ta có \(n^4⋮2,4^n⋮2\Rightarrow n^4+4^n⋮2\)

mà \(n^4+4^n>2\)Do đó \(n^4+4^n\)là hợp số

+)nếu n lẻ đặt \(n=2k+1\left(k\in N\right)\)

Ta có \(n^4+4^n=n^4+4^{2k}.4=\left(n^2+2.4k\right)^2-2n^2.2.4^k\)

\(=\left(n^2+2^{2k+1}\right)^2-\left(2.n.2^k\right)^2\)

\(=\left(n^2+2^{2k+1}+2n.2^k\right)\left(n^2+2^{2k+1}-2n.2^k\right)\)

\(=\left(\left(n+2^k\right)^2+2^{2k}\right)\left(\left(n-2^k\right)^2+2^{2k}\right)\)

là hợp số,vì mỗi thừa số đều lớn hơn hoặc bằng 2

(nhớ k nhé)

Bài 2a)

Nhân 2 vế với 2 ta có

\(a^4+b^4\ge2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2a^2b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\ge2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)

Dẫu = xảy ra khi \(a=b\)

dat a+b=x b+c=y c+a=z \(\Rightarrow\) dt tro thanh \(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}=1-\frac{1}{y+1}+1-\frac{1}{z+1}=\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\) \(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}\) (bdt amgm)

tuong tu \(\frac{1}{y+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}\) \(\frac{1}{z+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\)

\(\frac{\Rightarrow1}{x+1}.\frac{1}{y+1}.\frac{1}{z+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}.2\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}}.2\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\)

                =\(8.\frac{xyz}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow xyz\le\frac{1}{8}\)dau = xay ra khi x=y=z=1/2 hay a=b=c=1/4

Ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}\)

\(>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)

Tương tự ta cũng chứng minh được \(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}+\frac{a}{d+a}>1\)

mà \(\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}+\frac{a}{d+a}\right)\)

\(=\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+d}{c+d}+\frac{d+a}{d+a}=4\)

\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}\)là số nguyên 

do đó \(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+1-\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)-d\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)(vì \(a\ne c\))

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ac-bd\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ac=bd\)(vì \(b\ne d\))

Khi đó \(abcd=ac.ac=\left(ac\right)^2\)là số chính phương. 

\(sigma\frac{a}{1+b-a}=sigma\frac{a^2}{a+ab-a^2}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\frac{1}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{1}{1-a^2}=1+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}\le1+\frac{a^2}{2bc}\)

Tương tự cộng lại quy đồng ta có đpcm 

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

thử bài bất :D 

Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{a^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 5 số ) (*)

Hoàn toàn tương tự: 

\(\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}.\dfrac{b^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (**)

\(\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}.\dfrac{c^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (***)

Cộng (*),(**),(***) vế theo vế ta được:

\(P+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow P+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\)

Mà: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\) ( AM-GM 3 số )

Từ đây: \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}-2\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1

1. \(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=2\left(c^3-d^3\right)+c^3+d^3=3c^3-d^3\) :D