Lời giải:
Gọi số công nhân mỗi đội lần lượt là $a,b,c$. Vì số công nhân tỉ lệ nghịch với số
 ngày làm nên $4a=6b=8c=\frac{a}{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{b}{\frac{1}{6}}=\frac{c}{\frac{1}{8}}$

Áp dụng TCDTSBN:

$\frac{a}{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{b}{\frac{1}{6}}=\frac{c}{\frac{1}{8}}=\frac{a-b}{\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{6}}=\frac{4}{\frac{1}{12}}=48$

$\Rightarrow a=48.\frac{1}{4}=12; b=48.\frac{1}{6}=8; c=48.\frac{1}{8}=6$

Từ GT \(\Leftrightarrow a>0;bc>0\)

\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{3}+\left(b+c\right)^2-3bc-a\left(b+c\right)\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3}+\left(\dfrac{b+c}{a}\right)^2-\dfrac{b+c}{a}-\dfrac{3}{a^2}\ge0\)

Vì \(a^3>36\) nên 

\(\dfrac{1}{3}+\left(\dfrac{b+c}{a}\right)^2-\dfrac{b+c}{a}-\dfrac{3}{a^2}\\ >\left(\dfrac{b+c}{a}\right)^2-\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\left(\dfrac{b+c}{a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)

Áp dụng BĐT cosi dạng \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{a}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\)

Cmtt \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{b}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{c}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{c}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng VTV 3 BĐT trên:

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+c}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot3=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)