Gọi \(M\left(x;0\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(-x;1\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(1-x;3\right)\\\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-2-x;2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-2x+4;5\right)\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\sqrt{\left(-2x+4\right)^2+5}\ge\sqrt{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(-2x+4=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\Rightarrow M\left(2;0\right)\)

38.

Gọi I là trung điểm AB và G là trọng tâm tam giác ABC

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}=2\overrightarrow{MI}\\\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{0}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(3\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=2\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3.\left|2\overrightarrow{MI}\right|=3\left|\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6\left|\overrightarrow{MI}\right|=2.\left|3\overrightarrow{MG}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6\left|\overrightarrow{MI}\right|=6\left|\overrightarrow{MG}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{MI}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{MG}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow MI=MG\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Tập hợp M là đường trung trực của đoạn thẳng IG

Chọn A

Lời giải:

$I$ là trung điểm $AB$ nên:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{x_A+x_B}{2}=x_I\\ \frac{y_A+y_B}{2}=y_I\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x_B=2x_I-x_A\\ y_B=2y_I-y_A\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x_B=2.0-1=-1\\ y_B=2(-2)-0=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy $B(-1,-4)$

Gọi \(M\left(0;m\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AM}=\left(-1;m+2\right)\\\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-5;7\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

3 điểm M;A;B thẳng hàng khi:

\(\dfrac{-1}{-5}=\dfrac{m+2}{7}\Rightarrow m=-\dfrac{3}{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow M\left(0;-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\)

\(MA^2+MB^2=\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}.\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IB}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IB}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{MI}.\overrightarrow{MI}+2\overrightarrow{MI.}\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IA}.\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{MI}.\overrightarrow{MI}+2\overrightarrow{MI.}\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IB}.\overrightarrow{IB}\)

\(=2MI^2+IA^2+IB^2+2\overrightarrow{MI}\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IB}\right)\)

\(=2MI^2+IA^2+IB^2\)

\(=2MI^2+\left(\frac{a}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{a}{2}\right)^2=a^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow MI^2=\frac{a^2}{4}\)

Suy ra \(M\)thuộc đường tròn tâm \(I\)bán kính \(\frac{a}{2}\).