Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

American foods began to affect the rest of the world. American emphasis on convenient and rapid consumption is best represented in fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks. By the 1960s and 1970s fast foods became one of America’s strongest exports as franchises for Mc Donald’s and Burger King spread through Europe and other parts of the world, including Russia and China. Traditional meals cooked at home and consumed at a leisurely pace gave way to quick lunches and dinners eaten on the run as other countries imitated American cultural patterns.

By the late 20th century Americans had become more conscious of their diets, eating more poultry, fish and vegetables, and fewer eggs and less beef. Cooks began to rediscover many world cuisines in forms closer to their original. In California, chefs combined fresh fruits and vegetables available with ingredients and spices borrowed from immigrant kitchens to create an innovative cooking style that was lighter than traditional French, but more interesting and varied than typical American cuisine. Along with the state’s wines, California cuisine took its place among the acknowledged forms of fine dining.

Question 28. Fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks_________.

A. are popular because of their nutritious values 

B. are traditional meals of the US people

C. became more popular than meals cooked at home in China.

D. became popular with other European and Asian countries

Question 29. Which of the following is similar in meaning to the word ‘cuisine’?

A. cooking B. cooker C. cookery D. cook

Question 30. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? 

A.America’s cuisine used to have an influence on many countries. 

B. Fast foods became one of America’s strongest exports.

C. Mc Donald’s and Burger King are American food suppliers successful in Europe. 

D. Traditional meals cooked at home are not common in the US. 

Question 31. Which of the following statements is true? 

A. By the late 20th century, fast foods had lost their popularity in the US. 

B. Americans used to eat more poultry, fish, fruits and vegetables than they do now.

C. Cooking styles of other countries began to affect Americans by the late 20th century. 

D. Fewer eggs and less beef in American diet made them fitter.

Question 32. An innovative style of cooking was created in California_________.

A. to attract more immigrants to the state

B. and made the states wines well-known

C. by borrowing recipes from immigrant kitchens 

D. by combining the local specialties with immigrants’ spices

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Which of the following can result from the loss of one species in a food chain?

A. The connections among the creatures in the food chain become closer.

B. Larger predators will look for other types of prey.

C. There might be a lack of food resources for some other species.

D. Animals will shift to another food chain in the community.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks. 

• Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C, or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

                                                                                                        BERTHA

Fifty feet below downtown Seattle, the world's largest (1) _________ machine, nicknamed Bertha after the city's (2) _________ mayor, lies still. This (3) _________  vehicle weighs 7,000 tons, stretches nearly 330 feet long, and has a 60-foot diameter. When fully (4) _________, Bertha has an intrepid crew of 25. In early August, Bertha began carving out a two-mile road tunnel to replace the Alaskan Way viaduct, an ugly double-decker motorway that has been (5) _________ Seattle's waterfront since the 1950s.

   Dozens of (6) _________ were considered, including twin tunnels, another elevated roadway, and even scrapping the highway in favor of improved surface roads and better public transport. As it happens, (7) _________ dithered long enough for tunneling technology to develop (8) _________ facilitating another option: a single tunnel large enough to accommodate two levels of multi-lane traffic. Many local (9) _________ are against Bertha, but she has already chewed up and spit out one politician. As the new mayor settles into his new role, he will surely be hoping that Bertha (10) __________ finds her appetite for muck, not mayors.

1, A. tunnel-drilling     B. drill-hole     C. tunnel-boring     D. soil-drilling

2, A. increasing     B. progressing     C. progressive     D. progression

3, A. remarkable     B. extraordinary     C. noteworthy     D. impressive

4, A. operating     B. operational     C. operative     D. postoperative

5, A. mutilating     B. disfigured     C. deformed     D. disfiguring

6, A. replacements     B. alternatives     C. surrogates     D. substitutions

7, A. politicians     B. legislators    C. lawmakers     D. policymakers

8, A. satisfactorily     B. abundantly     C. adequately     D. sufficiently

9, A. delegators     B. commissioners     C. legislatures     D. representatives

10, A. speedily     B. quickly     C. rapidly     D. precipitately

• Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C, or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

                                                                                                   ^{REMOTE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT}

     With (1) .......................... transportation technologies, it is now possible to reach even the most distant regions in the world.    (2) .........................., I would contend that the merits of this development are outweighed by its drawbacks. 

    (3) ..................., the ability to travel anywhere in the world offers (4) ................... benefits. At the outset, the discovery of new areas allows everyone to gain a better perception of the earth and new species. This newfound knowledge can act as a precursor to clinical (5) ................... or provide scientists with valuable insights to more effectively combat environmental issues such as climate change. Access to previously unreachable scenic beauty also suggests tourism opportunities, as travel enthusiasts are always on the lookout for new exotic getaways.

     Nonetheless, I believe the (6) ................... perspectives of this trend are eclipsed by more immediate threats to life in this remote natural world. More often than not, as major corporations set foot on and (7) .................... tourism in these areas, the construction of tourism facilities drives out the indigenous people living there. Hotels and recreational facilities emerged at the expense of the locals' accommodation. These people are (8) .................... assimilation, which, as history has indicated, results in the loss of civilizations and cultures. The presence of foreign visitors in these places also poses certain threats to the natural environment, specifically water contamination, land degradation, and natural resource depletion.

     In conclusion, (9) ........................ the thought of traveling to remote natural areas may sound, I conclude that they are better off left untouched.

1, A. the aid of                   B. the help of                 C. support of                  D. assistance of

2, A. That's why                 B. Nevertheless              C. Even though              D. All the same

3, A. On the one hand        B. Other way                  C. Moreover                   D. On one side

4, A. appreciable                B. substantial                 C. considerable              D. extensive

5, A. breakthroughs           B. steps forward             C. improvements           D. tapers off

6, A. constructive               B. favorable                   C. peremptory                D. positive

7, A. tap into                      B. expand                       C. exploit                       D. utilize

8, A. forced to                    B. coerced into               C. influenced by             D. pushed out

9, A. look interesting         B. as attractive as           C. as fascinating as        D. as exciting as

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 42 to 50.

Are organically grown foods the best choices? The advantage claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated. Advocates of organic foods- a term whose meaning varies greatly- frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.

The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional evidence, the preponderance of written material advancing. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting of entirely organically grown foods prevents or cures diseases provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.

Almost daily, the public is besieged by claims for “no-aging” diets, new vitamins, and other wonder foods. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.

One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases, consumers misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.

The word “others” in paragraph 1 refers to _________

A. advantages

B. advocates

C. organic foods

D. products

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

In the wake of increasing food poisoning, many consumers have turned to vegetables  ………….. organically 

A. that grown 

B. grown 

C. which grows 

D. are grown