a) \(\left(x+y+1\right)^3=x^3+y^3+7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+1\right)+1=x^3+y^3+7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)+3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+1\right)+1=x^3+y^3+7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+xy+1\right)=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left[x\left(1+y\right)+1+y\right]=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(x+y\right)=2\)

\(\Rightarrow x+1,y+1,x+y\) là các ước của 2.

Ta thấy 6 có 2 dạng phân tích thành tích 3 số nguyên là \(\left(2;1;1\right)\) và\(\left(2;-1;-1\right)\).

- Xét trường hợp \(\left(2;1;1\right)\). Ta có 3 trường hợp nhỏ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\\y+1=1\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\y+1=2\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\y+1=1\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Giải ra ta có \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(1;0\right),\left(0;1\right)\).

- Xét trường hợp \(\left(2;-1;-1\right)\). Ta có 3 trường hợp nhỏ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\\y+1=-1\\x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-1\\y+1=2\\x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-1\\y+1=1\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\).

Giải ra ta có: \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;-2\right),\left(-2;1\right)\).

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right),\left(1;0\right),\left(1;-2\right),\left(-2;1\right)\)

b) \(y^2+2xy-8x^2-5x=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-\left(9x^2+5x\right)=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-9\left(x^2+\dfrac{5}{9}x+\dfrac{25}{324}\right)+\dfrac{25}{36}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-9\left(x+\dfrac{5}{18}\right)^2=\dfrac{47}{36}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6^2.\left(x+y\right)^2-3^2.6^2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{18}\right)^2=47\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6x+6y\right)^2-\left(18x+5\right)^2=47\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6x+6y-18x-5\right)\left(6x+6y+18x+5\right)=47\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6y-12x-5\right)\left(24x+6y+5\right)=47\)

\(\Rightarrow\)6y-12x-5 và 24x+6y+5 là các ước của 47.

Lập bảng:

Vậy pt đã cho có 2 nghiệm (x;y) nguyên là (1;3) và (1;-5)

Nếu $\mathrm{y=0\Rightarrow x2-5x+6=0\Rightarrow x\in 2;3}$

-Nếu $\mathrm{y=1\Rightarrow x2-5x+4=0\Rightarrow x\in 1;4}$

-Nếu $\mathrm{y>1}$

 ${\mathrm{3y=(x-2)(x-3)+1\Rightarrow x\equiv 1(mod3)\Rightarrow x=3k+1(k\in N)}}^{}$

 Thay vào đầu bài ta có $\mathrm{9k2-9k+3=3y\Rightarrow 3k2-3k+1=3y-1}$

 Nhận thấy ${\mathrm{3y-1⋮3,3k2-3k+1\equiv 1(mod3)\Rightarrow }}^{}$

Vậy pt có 4 nghiệm nguyên

\(3xy+x+15y-44=0\)

\(3y\left(x+5\right)+\left(x+5\right)-49=0\)

\(\left(x+5\right)\left(3y+1\right)=49\)

Vì x;y là số nguyên \(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+5\in Z\\3y+1\in Z\end{cases}}\)

Có \(\left(x+5\right)\left(3y+1\right)=49\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+5\right)\left(3y+1\right)\in\text{Ư}\left(49\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm7;\pm49\right\}\)

b tự lập bảng nhé~

\(y\left(x+3\right)-5x-15=2\\ \Rightarrow y\left(x+3\right)-\left(5x+15\right)=2\\ \Rightarrow y\left(x+3\right)-5\left(x+3\right)=2\\ \Rightarrow\left(y-5\right)\left(x+3\right)=2\)

Vì \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-5,x+3\in Z\\y-5,x+3\inƯ\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có bảng:

Vậy \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(-2;7\right);\left(-1;6\right);\left(-4;3\right);\left(-5;4\right)\right\}\)

=>y.(x+3)-5(x+3)=2

=>(y-5).(x+3)=2

a) \(6xy+4x-9y-7=0\)

  \(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+2\right)-9y-6-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+x\right)-3.\left(3y+2\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3\right).\left(3y+2\right)=1\)

Mà \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow2x-3;3y+2\in Z\)

Tự làm típ

\(A=x^3+y^3+xy\)

\(A=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+xy\)

\(A=x^2-xy+y^2+xy\)( vì \(x+y=1\))

\(A=x^2+y^2\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiakovxky ta có :

\(\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x\cdot1+y\cdot1\right)^2=\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

Hay \(x^3+y^3+xy\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

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PT⇔x2−2xy+y2=35xy−5x2y2−60

⇔(�−�)2=5(3−��)(��−4)⇔(x−y)2=5(3−xy)(xy−4)

Mà (�−�)2≥0∀�;�(x−y)2≥0∀x;y nên $5\left(3-xy\right)\left(xy-4\right)\ge 0\iff 3\le xy\le 4$ 

⇒\hept{�;�∈{3;4}�=�⇒\hept{x;y∈{3;4}x=y​ $\Rightarrow \left(x;y\right)\in \left\{\left(2;2\right);\left(-2;-2\right)\right\}$