Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=t\Rightarrow a=bt;c=dt\)

Thay vào từng vế ta có 

     \(\frac{a.b}{c.d}=\frac{bt.b}{dt.d}=\frac{b^2.t}{d^2.t}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\) (1)

     \(\frac{\left(bt+b\right)^2}{\left(dt+d\right)^2}=\frac{b^2\left(t+1\right)^2}{d^2\left(t+1\right)^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) => ĐPCM

a/b=c/d 
=> a/c = b/d
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau có : 
a/c = b/d = a+b/c+d
=> (a/c)mũ 2 = (b/d)mũ 2 = a/c.b/d= ( a+b/c+d ) mũ 2 
=>   a/c.b/d= ( a+b/c+d ) mũ 2 
=> a.b/c.d = (a+b)mũ 2 / (c + d ) mũ 2 
=> dpcm

Ta có a/b = c/d 

 => a/c= b/d 

adtccdtsbn ta có : 

Giải:
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow a=bk,c=dk\)

Ta có: \(\frac{a.b}{c.d}=\frac{bkb}{dkd}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\) (1)

\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\frac{\left(bk+b\right)^2}{\left(dk+d\right)^2}=\frac{\left[b\left(k+1\right)\right]^2}{\left[d\left(k+1\right)\right]^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\) (2)

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{\left(bk\right)^2+b^2}{\left(dk\right)^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2.k^2+b^2}{d^2.k^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2.\left(k^2+1\right)}{d^2.\left(k^2+1\right)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\) (3)

Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra \(\frac{a.b}{c.d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}\)

ta có: \(\frac{a.b}{c.d}=\frac{b^2.k}{d^2.k}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(1\right)\)

\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{c^2+2cd+d^2}=\frac{b^2.k^2+2b^2.k+b^2}{d^2.k^2+2d^2.k+d^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(2\right)\)

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2.k^2+b^2}{d^2.k^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(3\right)\)

từ 1,2 và 3 ta có điều phải chứng minh

a) Giải:

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk,c=dk\)

Ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bkb}{dkd}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\) (1)

\(\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\frac{\left(bk\right)^2-b^2}{\left(dk\right)^2-d^2}=\frac{b^2.k^2-b^2}{d^2.k^2-d^2}=\frac{b^2.\left(k^2-1\right)}{d^2.\left(k^2-1\right)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

b) Giải:
Để \(P\in Z\Rightarrow2x-3⋮x+1\)

Ta có:
\(2x-3⋮x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+2\right)-5⋮x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow5⋮x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow x+1\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)

+) \(x+1=1\Rightarrow x=0\)

+) \(x+1=-1\Rightarrow x=-2\)

+) \(x+1=5\Rightarrow x=4\)

+) \(x+1=-5\Rightarrow x=-6\)

Vậy \(x\in\left\{0;-2;4;-6\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow5⋮x+1\)

1)Ta có:\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{c}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^2=\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{b}{d}=\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}\)(tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

2)\(P=\frac{2x-3}{x+1}=\frac{2x+2-5}{x+1}=\frac{2\left(x+1\right)-5}{x+1}=2-\frac{5}{x+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\in Z\Leftrightarrow2-\frac{5}{x+1}\in Z\Leftrightarrow\frac{5}{x+1}\in Z\Leftrightarrow5⋮x+1\Leftrightarrow x+1\inƯ\left(5\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x+1\in\left\{-1;-5;1;5\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;-6;0;4\right\}\)

Đặt a+b=x;c+d=ya+b=x;c+d=y ta cần chứng minh :xy+4≥2(x+y)⇔(x−2)(y−2)≥0xy+4≥2(x+y)⇔(x−2)(y−2)≥0

Mặt khác ta luôn có x=a+b≥2√ab=2;y=c+d≥2√cd=2x=a+b≥2ab=2;y=c+d≥2cd=2

Như vậy ta có đpcm. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=d=1

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\), suy ra \(a=bk;c=dk\)

\(VT=\frac{2b^2k^2-3b^2k+3b^2}{2b^2+3b^2k}=\frac{b^2\left(2k^2-3k+3\right)}{b^2\left(2+3k\right)}=\frac{2k^2-3k+3}{3k+2}\left(1\right)\)

\(VP=\frac{2d^2k^2-3d^2k+3d^2}{2d^2+3d^2k}=\frac{d^2\left(2k^2-3k+3\right)}{d^2\left(2+3k\right)}=\frac{2k^2-3k+3}{3k+2}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra ĐPcm