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Câu 4: 

d) Ta có: \(\dfrac{-2}{17}+\dfrac{3}{19}+\dfrac{-15}{17}+\dfrac{16}{19}+\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(=\left(-\dfrac{2}{17}-\dfrac{15}{17}\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{19}+\dfrac{16}{19}\right)+\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(=-1+1+\dfrac{5}{6}=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

a: 12/21=4/7=8/14

4/56=1/14

b: 12/15=4/5=24/30

6/36=1/6=5/30

15/50=3/10=9/30

c: 63/77=9/11=81/99

60/108=5/9=55/99

-18/27=-2/3=-66/99

d: -26/-156=1/6=7/42

49/-14=-7/2=-147/42

32/112=2/7=12/42

Câu 3:

a) \(\dfrac{12}{36}=\dfrac{12:12}{36:12}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{-16}{20}=\dfrac{-16:4}{20:4}=\dfrac{-4}{5}\)

b) \(\dfrac{21}{105}=\dfrac{21:21}{105:21}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(\dfrac{35}{150}=\dfrac{35:5}{150:5}=\dfrac{7}{30}\)

Câu 4: 

a) \(\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{5}{10}=\dfrac{3+5}{10}=\dfrac{8}{10}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)

b) Ta có: \(\left(-27\right)\cdot36+64\cdot\left(-27\right)+23\cdot\left(-100\right)\)

\(=\left(-27\right)\cdot\left(64+36\right)+23\cdot\left(-100\right)\)

\(=-27\cdot100-23\cdot100\)

\(=100\left(-27-23\right)\)

\(=-50\cdot100=-5000\)

c) \(\dfrac{5}{8}+\dfrac{3}{12}=\dfrac{15}{24}+\dfrac{6}{24}=\dfrac{21}{24}=\dfrac{7}{8}\)

d) Ta có: \(\dfrac{-2}{17}+\dfrac{3}{19}+\dfrac{-15}{17}+\dfrac{16}{19}+\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(=\left(-\dfrac{2}{17}+\dfrac{-15}{17}\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{19}+\dfrac{16}{19}\right)+\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(=-1+1+\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(a,\dfrac{52}{32}=\dfrac{13}{8}\\ \dfrac{55}{65}=\dfrac{11}{13}\\ MSC:104\\ =>\dfrac{13}{8}=\dfrac{13.13}{8.13}=\dfrac{169}{104}\\ \dfrac{11}{13}=\dfrac{11.8}{13.8}=\dfrac{88}{104}\)

\(b,\dfrac{72}{64}=\dfrac{9}{8}\\ \dfrac{54}{81}=\dfrac{2}{3}\\ MSC:24\\ \dfrac{9}{8}=\dfrac{9.3}{8.3}=\dfrac{27}{24}\\ \dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{2.8}{3.8}=\dfrac{16}{24}\\ c,\dfrac{24}{36}=\dfrac{2}{3}\\ \dfrac{12}{30}=\dfrac{2}{5}\\ MSC:15\\ \dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{2.5}{3.5}=\dfrac{10}{15}\\ \dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{2.3}{3.5}=\dfrac{6}{15}\)

\(d,\dfrac{80}{40}=2\\ \dfrac{45}{63}=\dfrac{5}{7}\\ MSC:7\\ 2=\dfrac{14}{7}\\ e,\dfrac{150}{50}=3\\ \dfrac{100}{200}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ MSC:2\\ 3=\dfrac{6}{2}\\ f,\dfrac{54}{81}=\dfrac{2}{3}\\ \dfrac{69}{93}=\dfrac{23}{21}\\ MSC:21\\ \dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{2.7}{3.7}=\dfrac{14}{21}\)

\(a.\dfrac{52}{32}\text{=}\dfrac{13}{8};\dfrac{55}{65}\text{=}\dfrac{11}{13}\)

\(\dfrac{13.13}{13.8}\text{=}\dfrac{169}{104};\dfrac{11.8}{13.8}\text{=}\dfrac{88}{104}\)

\(c.\dfrac{24}{36}\text{=}\dfrac{2}{3};\dfrac{12}{30}\text{=}\dfrac{2}{5}\)

\(\dfrac{2.5}{3.5}\text{=}\dfrac{10}{15};\dfrac{2.3}{5.3}\text{=}\dfrac{6}{15}\)

\(b.\dfrac{72}{64}\text{=}\dfrac{9.3}{8.3}\text{=}\dfrac{27}{24};\dfrac{54}{81}\text{=}\dfrac{2.8}{3.8}\text{=}\dfrac{16}{24}\)

\(d.\dfrac{80}{40}\text{=}\dfrac{2.63}{63}\text{=}\dfrac{126}{63};\dfrac{45}{63}\)

\(e.\dfrac{150}{50}\text{=}\dfrac{3.2}{2}\text{=}\dfrac{6}{2};\dfrac{100}{200}\text{=}\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(f.\dfrac{54}{81}\text{=}\dfrac{2.31}{3.31}\text{=}\dfrac{62}{93};\dfrac{69}{93}\)

Rút gọn :
10/15=2/3 ; 12/16=3/4 
Quy đồng : 
2/3 = 8/12 
3/4=9/12

Rút gọn:

10/15=2/3(chia cho 5)

12/16=3/4(chia cho 4)

2/3 và 3/4

MSC: 12

2/3=8/12(nhân với 4)

3/4=9/12(nhân với 3)

rút gọn phân số:\(\frac{10}{15}\)= \(\frac{10:5}{15:5}\)= \(\frac{2}{3}\)

                           \(\frac{12}{16}\)= \(\text{​​}\text{​​}\text{​​}\text{​​}\frac{12:4}{16:4}\)  = \(\frac{3}{4}\)

vậy ta rút gọn được phân số \(\frac{10}{15}\)  và  \(\frac{12}{16}\)  thành phân số \(\frac{2}{3}\)  và  \(\frac{3}{4}\)

quy đồng mẫu số : \(\frac{2x4}{3x4}\)=  \(\frac{8}{12}\)

                             \(\frac{3x3}{4x3}\) = \(\frac{9}{12}\)

vậy ta quy đồng mẫu số ta đc phân số  \(\frac{2}{3}\)  và \(\frac{3}{4}\)  thành phân số \(\frac{8}{12}\)  và  \(\frac{9}{12}\)