Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:

a) Ta có: 

\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)

\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)

\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)

\(M=2\cdot\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+2,5\right]\)

\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)

Mà: \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên:

\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(2\left(x+1\right)^2+5=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy: \(M_{min}=5\) khi \(x=-1\)

b) Ta có:

\(N=x^2-x+1\)

\(N=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Mà: \(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên \(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu '=" xảy ra: 

\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy: \(N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức

a) Ta có: 

\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)

\(E=-\left(4x^2-x+1\right)\)

\(E=-\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2\cdot2x\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)

\(E=-\left[\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)

Mà: \(\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\ge\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\) nên 

\(\Rightarrow E=-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{1}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)

Vậy: \(E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)

b) Ta có:

\(F=5x-3x^2+6\)

\(F=-3x^2+5x-6\)

\(F=-\left(3x^2-5x-6\right)\)

\(F=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x-2\right)\)

\(F=-3\left[\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2-\dfrac{97}{36}\right]\)

\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\)

Mà: \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2\le0\forall x\) nên:

\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\le\dfrac{97}{36}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}=\dfrac{97}{36}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

Vậy: \(F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{36}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)

\(=2\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)

\(=2\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)

\(=2\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{2}\right]\)

\(=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)

Vì \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow M_{min}=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Tương tự: \(N=x^2-x+1\)

\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)

\(=-4\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)

\(=-4\left[x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{8}+\left(\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\right]\)

\(=-4\left[\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{64}\right]\)

\(=-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}\)

Vì \(-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

Tương tự: \(F=5x-3x^2+6\)

\(=-3x^2+5x+6\)

\(=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{12}\le\dfrac{97}{12}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{12}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

Tự học giúp bạn có được một gia tài
Jim Rohn – Triết lý cuộc đời

\(A=x^2-4x+10=x^2-4x+4+6=\left(x-2\right)^2+6\ge6\)

Vậy GTNN A là 6 khi x - 2 = 0 <=> x = 2 

\(B=\left(1-x\right)\left(3x-4\right)=3x-4-3x^2+4x=-3x^2+7x-4\)

\(=-3\left(x^2-\frac{7}{3}x+\frac{4}{3}\right)=-3\left(x^2-2.\frac{7}{6}x+\frac{49}{36}-\frac{1}{36}\right)=-3\left(x-\frac{7}{6}\right)^2+\frac{1}{12}\ge\frac{1}{12}\)

\(=3\left(x-\frac{7}{6}\right)^2-\frac{1}{12}\le-\frac{1}{12}\)Vậy GTLN B là -1/12 khi x = 7/6 

\(C=3x^2-9x+5=3\left(x^2-3x+\frac{5}{3}\right)=3\left(x^2-2.\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{9}{4}-\frac{7}{12}\right)\)

\(=3\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{7}{4}\ge-\frac{7}{4}\)Vậy GTNN C là -7/4 khi x = 3/2 

\(D=-2x^2+5x+2=-2\left(x^2-\frac{5}{2}x-1\right)=-2\left(x^2-2.\frac{5}{4}x+\frac{25}{16}-\frac{41}{16}\right)\)

\(=-2\left(x-\frac{5}{4}\right)^2+\frac{21}{8}\le\frac{21}{8}\)Vậy GTLN D là 21/8 khi x = 5/4 

\(M=x^2-4x+5=x^2-4x+4+1=\left(x-2\right)^2+1.\)

Ta có: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\) \(\forall x\in R.\)

           \(1>0.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+1\ge1.\Rightarrow M\ge1.\)

Dấu \("="\) xảy ra. \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+1=1.\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=0.\Leftrightarrow x=2.\)

Vậy GTNN của M = 1 khi x = 2.

\(M=x^2-4x+4+1\)=\(\left(x-2\right)^2+1\)

vì \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\) nên \(\left(x-2\right)^2+1\ge1\)

=>\(M\ge1\) dấu''='' xảy ra  khi M = 1<=>x-2=0<=>x=2

kl:\(M_{min}=1\) khi và chỉ khi x =2

1:

a: \(A=2+3\sqrt{x^2+1}>=3\cdot1+2=5\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi x=0

b: \(B=\sqrt{x+8}-7>=-7\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-8

GTNN của N= 10 khi x=3

tach 14-x = 10-4-x roi sau do chac ban cung phai tu biet lam