a) \(2^3+3.\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^0+\left[\left(-2\right)^2:\frac{1}{2}\right]\)

\(=8+3.1+4:\frac{1}{2}\)

\(=8+3+8=19\)

b)\(\frac{2^{15}.9^4}{6^6.8^3}=\frac{2^{15}.\left(3^2\right)^4}{\left(2.3\right)^6.\left(2^3\right)^3}=\frac{2^{15}.3^8}{2^6.3^6.2^9}\)\(=\frac{2^{15}.3^8}{2^{15}.3^6}=3^2=9\)

c) \(\left(1+\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\right).\left(\frac{4}{5}-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\)

\(=\frac{17}{12}.\frac{1}{400}=\frac{17}{4800}\)

d) \(\left(-\frac{10}{3}\right)^3.\left(\frac{-6}{5}\right)^4=-\frac{100}{27}.\frac{1296}{625}\)\(=\frac{-4.48}{1.25}=-\frac{192}{25}\)

\(\left(\frac{4}{9}+\frac{1}{3}\right)^2=\left(\frac{4}{9}+\frac{3}{9}\right)^2=\left(\frac{7}{9}\right)^2=\frac{49}{81}\)

\(\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{3}{5}\right)^3=\left(\frac{5}{10}-\frac{6}{10}\right)^3=\left(\frac{-1}{10}\right)^3=\frac{-1}{1000}\)

\(\left(\frac{-1}{5}\right)^5.\left(\frac{-6}{5}\right)^4=\frac{-5}{3125}.\frac{1296}{625}=\frac{-1296}{390625}\)

\(\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^3:\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2:\left(-\frac{2}{5}\right)^3=\frac{3}{4}:\frac{-8}{125}=\frac{3}{4}.\frac{-125}{8}=\frac{-375}{32}\)

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{9} - 0,3.\frac{5}{9} + \frac{1}{3}\\ = \frac{1}{9} - \frac{3}{{10}}.\frac{5}{9} + \frac{1}{3}\\ = \frac{1}{9} - \frac{3}{{2.5}}.\frac{5}{{3.3}} + \frac{1}{3}\\ = \frac{1}{9} - \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{3}\\ = \frac{2}{{18}} - \frac{3}{{18}} + \frac{6}{{18}}\\ = \frac{5}{{18}}\end{array}\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{3}} \right)^2} + \frac{1}{6} - {\left( { - 0,5} \right)^3}\\ = \frac{4}{9} + \frac{1}{6} - \left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right)^3\\  = \frac{4}{9} + \frac{1}{6} - \left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{8}} \right)\\ = \frac{4}{9} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{8}\\ = \frac{{32}}{{72}} + \frac{{12}}{{72}} + \frac{9}{{72}}\\ = \frac{{53}}{{72}}\end{array}\)

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right)^5} = \frac{{{{\left( { - 1} \right)}^5}}}{{{2^5}}} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{32}};\\{\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{3}} \right)^4} = \frac{{{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^4}}}{{{3^4}}} = \frac{{16}}{{81}};\\{\left( { - 2\frac{1}{4}} \right)^3} = {\left( {\frac{{ - 9}}{4}} \right)^3} = \frac{{{{\left( { - 9} \right)}^3}}}{{{4^3}}} = \frac{{-729}}{{64}};\\{\left( { - 0,3} \right)^5} = {\left( {\frac{{ - 3}}{{10}}} \right)^5} = \frac{{ - 243}}{{100000}};\\{\left( { - 25,7} \right)^0} = 1\end{array}\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^2} = \frac{1}{9};\\{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^3} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{27}};\\{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4} = \frac{1}{{81}};\\{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^5} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{243}}.\end{array}\)

Nhận xét:

+ Luỹ thừa của một số hữu tỉ âm với số mũ chẵn là một số hữu tỉ dương.

+  Luỹ thừa của một số hữu tỉ âm với số mũ lẻ là một số hữu tỉ âm.