Ta có :

\(B=\frac{2016}{1}+\frac{2015}{2}+\frac{2014}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}\)

\(B=\left(\frac{2015}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2014}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2016}+1\right)+1\)

\(B=\frac{2017}{2}+\frac{2017}{3}+...+\frac{2017}{2016}+\frac{2017}{2017}\)

\(B=2017.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{B}{A}=\frac{2017.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}=2017\)

Vậy \(\frac{B}{A}\)là số nguyên

bằng 15 hay sao ý

Dễ dàng chứng minh điều sau bằng biến đổi tương đương:\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)^2}=1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\)

Áp dụng: 

\(M=1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+1+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}\)

\(=2016-\frac{1}{2016}\)

\(N=\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{2}{2015}+\frac{3}{2014}+...+\frac{2015}{2}+\frac{2016}{1}\)

\(N=1+\left(\frac{1}{2016}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2}{2015}+1\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2014}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{2015}{2}+1\right)\)

\(N=\frac{2017}{2017}+\frac{2017}{2016}+\frac{2017}{2015}+\frac{2017}{2014}+...+\frac{2017}{2}\)

\(N=2017.\left(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2015}+\frac{1}{2014}+...+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{M}{N}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}}{2017.\left(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2015}+\frac{1}{2014}+...+\frac{1}{2}\right)}=\frac{1}{2017}\)

hay lam

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}}{\left(\dfrac{2015}{2}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2}{2015}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2016}+1\right)+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}}{\dfrac{2017}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{3}+...+\dfrac{2017}{2015}+\dfrac{2017}{2016}}=\dfrac{1}{2017}\)

Với mọi số nguyên dương n ta có:

\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}<\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\). Do đó ta có:

\(A<\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2015}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2016}}=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2016}}<2\)

Vậy A < 2.

\(B=\frac{\frac{2016}{1}+\frac{2015}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2016}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}=\frac{1+\frac{2015}{2}+1+...+\frac{1}{2016}+1}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}\)(2016 số hạng 1 ở tử số)

\(=\frac{\frac{2017}{2017}+\frac{2017}{2}+\frac{2017}{3}+....+\frac{2017}{2016}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}=\frac{2017.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}=2017\)