\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{c+a}\ge a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+a-\frac{a^2}{a+b}+b-\frac{b^2}{b+c}+c-\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)+b^2\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)+c^2\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\ge a^2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)+b^2\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)+c^2\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4\ge a^2c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2\left(lđ\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b^2+ca}{c+a}+\frac{c^2+ab}{a+b}\ge a+b+c\)

áp dụng cô si ta có:

+)\(\frac{a^5}{b^3}+\frac{a^3}{b}\ge\frac{2a^4}{b^2};\frac{b^5}{c^3}+\frac{b^3}{c}\ge\frac{2b^4}{c^2};\frac{c^5}{a^3}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{2c^4}{a^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^5}{b^3}+\frac{b^5}{c^3}+\frac{c^5}{a^3}\ge2\left(\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}\right)-\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\right)\)

+)\(\frac{a^4}{b^2}+a^2\ge\frac{2a^3}{b};\frac{b^4}{c^2}+b^2\ge\frac{2b^3}{c};\frac{c^4}{a^2}+c^2\ge\frac{2C^3}{a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}\ge2\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\right)-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

+)\(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2a^2;\frac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2;\frac{c^3}{a}+ca\ge2c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}\ge\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}-a^2-b^2-c^2\right)\ge\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^5}{b^3}+\frac{b^5}{c^3}+\frac{c^5}{a^3}\ge\left(\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}\right)+\left(\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}-\frac{a^3}{b}-\frac{b^3}{c}-\frac{c^3}{a}\right)\ge\left(\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}\right)\)

\frac{a}{1+b^{2}c}+\frac{b}{1+c^{2}d}+\frac{c}{1+d^{2}a}+\frac{d}{1+a^{2}b}\geq 2$

Ta có $\sum \frac{a}{1+b^2c}=\sum \frac{a^2}{a+ab^2c}$

Áp dụng Cauchy-Schwarzt ta có 

                 $\sum \frac{a}{1+b^2c}=\sum \frac{a^2}{a+ab^2c}\geq \frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}{a+b+c+d+ab^2c+bc^2d+cd^2a+da^2b}=\frac{16}{4+ab^2c+bc^2d+cd^2a+da^2b}$

Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh $ab^2c+bc^2d+cd^2a+da^2b\leq 4$ là suy ra $\sum \frac{a}{1+b^2c}\geq \frac{16}{4+4}=2$

Bất đẳng thức đã cho tương đương $ab.bc+bc.cd+cd.da+da.ab\leq 4$ với $a+b+c+d=4$

Chuyển $\left ( ab,bc,cd,da \right )\Rightarrow (x,y,z,t)$

Ta có $x+y+z+t=ab+bc+cd+ad \leq \frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}{4}=4$

Lại có $ab^2c+bc^2d+cd^2a+da^2b=xy+yz+zt+tx \leq \frac{(x+y+z+t)^2}{4} \leq \frac{4^2}{4}=4$

Vậy ta có đpcm

Dấu = xảy ra khi $a=b=c=d=1$

doc lam sao

Với $a,b,c$ là các số thực thỏa mãn $a+b+c=3.$ Chứng minh rằng$:$

$$ \frac 1{8 + 5(b^2 + c^2)} + \frac 1{8 + 5(c^2 + a^2)} + \frac 1{8 + 5(a^2 + b^2)}\le \frac 1{6},$$

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi $a=b=c$ hoặc $a=b=\frac{c}{13}$ và các hoán vị.

Ji Chen đưa ra một kiểu SOS rất khủng$:$

$\frac{11664}{5}\left(\frac{1}{6}-\sum{\frac{1}{8+5b^2+5c^2}}\right)\prod{\left(8+5b^2+5c^2\right)}$

$=23050\prod{(b-c)^2}+\sum{\Big\{\left(a^2-bc\right)\left[5\left(66-7\sqrt{34}\right)-25\left(2-3\sqrt{34}\right)a\right]}$

${-(a-1)\left[75\sqrt{34}a^2+15\left(18+5\sqrt{34}\right)a+6\left(23-5\sqrt{34}\right)\right]\Big\}^2}\geq 0.$

Mặt khác bài này rất hay và có nhiều kiểu SOS đẹp, mọi người thử tìm xem$?$

Hay thậm chí là những cách giải khác ngoài SOS cho bài này$?$

\(P=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(c+1\right)\left(c^2-c+1\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)}}\)

\(\ge\frac{2a}{b^2+2}+\frac{2b}{c^2+2}+\frac{2c}{a^2+2}=\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(\frac{ab^2}{b^2+2}+\frac{bc^2}{c^2+2}+\frac{ca^2}{a^2+2}\right)\)

\(=6-\left(\frac{2ab^2}{b^2+4+b^2}+\frac{2bc^2}{c^2+4+c^2}+\frac{2ca^2}{a^2+4+a^2}\right)\ge6-\left(\frac{2ab}{b+4}+\frac{2bc}{c+4}+\frac{2ca}{a+4}\right)\)

\(=6-\left(2a+2b+2c-\frac{8a}{b+4}-\frac{8b}{c+4}-\frac{8c}{a+4}\right)\)

\(=\frac{8a}{b+4}+\frac{8b}{c+4}+\frac{8c}{a+4}-6=\frac{8a^2}{ab+4a}+\frac{8b^2}{bc+4b}+\frac{8c^2}{ca+4c}-6\)

\(\ge\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)}-6\ge\frac{288}{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+24}-6=2\)

dễ cm \(\frac{9\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(2\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=2\sqrt{\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-a+b\right)b}\le a^2-a+2b\)

từ đó bđt cần cm <=> \(a+b+c\ge ab+bc+ca\)

lại có \(ab+bc+ca+abc\le4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)\le\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)+...\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+2}+\frac{b}{b+2}+\frac{c}{c+2}\le1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)}\le\frac{a}{a+2}+\frac{b}{b+2}+\frac{c}{c+2}\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge ab+bc+ca\)

=>Q.E.D

\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\le\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)}\)

\(VP=\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\le\frac{a+b}{2}\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(VP^2\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{2}\) (1) 

chứng minh bổ đề: \(VT^2=\left(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}+\frac{a+b}{4}\right)^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^4}{4}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{16}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{4}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b\right)^4+\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge\left(a+b\right)^3\)

Có: \(\left(a+b\right)^4+\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^6}{4}}=\left(a+b\right)^3\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(VT^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{2}\) (2) 

(1) và (2) => \(VT^2\ge VP^2\) => \(VT\ge VP\) ( đpcm ) 

@Cool Kid:

\(a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\ge\Sigma ab\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\Sigma\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+a+b}\)

Hay một BĐT mạnh (và đẹp:v) hơn là: 

\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\Sigma\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)^2}{2\left(a+b\right)}\)

Ta cần chứng minh: \(VT-VP=\Sigma\frac{\left(a+b-c\right)^2\left(a-b\right)^2}{2\left(a+b\right)}-\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)

Giả sử \(a\ge c\ge b\) và đặt \(a=b+u+v,c=b+v\)

Bất đẳng thức này đúng theo Cauchy-Schwawrz:

\(VT-VP\ge\frac{4\left(c+a-b\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}-\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)

Last inequality is: https://imgur.com/tRsHOfr (mình không gửi ảnh được nên gửi link vậy!)

Done!