\(1^2+2^2+3^2+.......+n^2=1\times\left(2-1\right)+2\times\left(3-1\right)+.......+n\left(\left(n+1\right)-1\right)\)=\(\left(1.2+2.3+3.4+......+n\left(n+1\right)\right)-\left(1+2+3+.....+n\right)\)=\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-0.1.2}{3}-\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)

sử dụng qui nạp: 
1² + 2² + 3² + 4² + ...+ n² = \(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\) (*) 
(*) đúng khi n= 1 
giả sử (*) đúng với n= k, ta có: 
1² + 2² + 3² + 4² + ...+ k² = \(\frac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}{6}\) (1) 
ta cm (*) đúng với n = k +1, thật vậy từ (1) cho ta: 
1² + 2² + 3² + 4² + ...+ k² + (k + 1)² = \(\frac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}{6}\) + (k + 1)² 
= (k+1)\(\left(\frac{k\left(2k+1\right)}{6}+\left(k+1\right)\right)\)= (k + 1)\(\frac{2k^2+k+6k+6}{6}\)
= (k + 1)\(\frac{2k^2+7k+6}{6}\) = (k + 1)\(\frac{2k^2+4k+3k+6}{6}\)
= (k + 1)\(\frac{2k\left(k+2\right)+3\left(k+2\right)}{6}\) = (k + 1)\(\frac{\left(k+2\right)\left(2k+3\right)}{6}\)
vậy (*) đúng với n = k + 1, theo nguyên lý qui nạp (*) đúng với mọi n thuộc N*

Hồng Trinh đúng rồi nhưng mà dùng quy nạp cơ

 Xét số hạng tổng quát ta có:

\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)n}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< \sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{n}\cdot\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Áp dụng vào bài tập, ta có:

\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)

\(< \frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)n}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

\(< \left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

Áp dụng vào bài toán ta được

\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\)

\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)

cttq đi bạn

toán 1 khó vậy

3a) ta có \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}=a-\frac{ab}{a+b}>=a-\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)

vì \(a,b>0,a+b>=2\sqrt{ab}nên\frac{ab}{a+b}< =\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)

tương tự \(\frac{b^2}{b+c}=b-\frac{bc}{b+c}>=b-\frac{bc}{2\sqrt{bc}}=b-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}\)

tương tự \(\frac{c^2}{c+a}=c-\frac{ca}{c+a}>=c-\frac{ca}{2\sqrt{ca}}=c-\frac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}\)

cộng từng vế BĐT ta được \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}>=a+b+c-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}=\frac{2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}}{2}\left(1\right)\)

giả sử \(\frac{2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}}{2}>=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)

<=> \(2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}>=a+b+c\)

<=> \(a+b+c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}>=0\)

<=> \(2a+2b+2c-2\sqrt{ab}-2\sqrt{bc}-2\sqrt{ca}>=0\)

<=> \(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2>=0\)

(đúng với mọi a,b,c >0) (2)

(1),(2)=> \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}>=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)