10^k-1=(10^2k-10^k)-(10^k-1)=10^k(10^k-1)-(10^k-1) chia hết cho 19

                                         vì 10^k-1 chia hết cho 19 nên 10^k(10^k-1) chia hết cho 19

                         vậy 10^2k-1 chia hết cho 19

câu sau làm như thế

a: =>\(n+2\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{-1;-3;5;-9\right\}\)

b: =>n-3+4 chia hết cho n-3

=>\(n-3\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{4;2;5;1;7;-1\right\}\)

c: =>3n^3+n^2+9n^2-1-4 chia hết cho 3n+1

=>\(3n+1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{0;-\dfrac{2}{3};\dfrac{1}{3};-1;1;-\dfrac{5}{3}\right\}\)

d: =>10n^2-10n+11n-11+1 chia hết cho n-1

=>\(n-1\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{2;0\right\}\)

b: \(B=16^5+2^{15}\)

\(=\left(2^4\right)^5+2^{15}\)

\(=2^{20}+2^{15}\)

\(=2^{15}\left(2^5+1\right)=2^{15}\cdot33⋮33\)

c: \(45⋮9;99⋮9;180⋮9\)

Do đó: \(45+99+180⋮9\)

=>\(C⋮9\)

d: \(D=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\)

\(=\left(2+2^2+2^3\right)+\left(2^4+2^5+2^6\right)+...+\left(2^{58}+2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\)

\(=2\left(1+2+2^2\right)+2^4\cdot\left(1+2+2^2\right)+...+2^{58}\left(1+2+2^2\right)\)

\(=7\left(2+2^4+...+2^{58}\right)⋮7\)

\(D=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\)

\(=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+\left(2^5+2^6+2^7+2^8\right)+...+\left(2^{57}+2^{58}+2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\)

\(=2\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)+2^5\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)+...+2^{57}\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)\)

\(=15\left(2+2^5+...+2^{57}\right)\)

=>D chia hết cho cả 3 và 5

1/

$10n+4\vdots 2n+7$

$\Rightarrow 5(2n+7)-31\vdots 2n+7$

$\Rightarrow 31\vdots 2n+7$

$\Rightarrow 2n+7\in Ư(31)$

$\Rightarrow 2n+7\in \left\{1; -1; 31; -31\right\}$

$\Rightarrow n\in \left\{-3; -4; 12; -19\right\}$

2/

$5n-4\vdots 3n+1$

$\Rightarrow 3(5n-4)\vdots 3n+1$

$\Rightarroq 15n-12\vdots 3n+1$

$\Rightarrow 5(3n+1)-17\vdots 3n+1$

$\Rightarrow 17\vdots 3n+1$

$\Rightarrow 3n+1\in Ư(17)$

$\Rightarrow 3n+1\in \left\{1; -1; 17; -17\right\}$

$\Rightarrow n\in \left\{0; \frac{-2}{3}; \frac{16}{3}; -6\right\}$

Do $n$ nguyên nên $n\in\left\{0; -6\right\}$

3/

$2n^2+n-6\vdots 2n+1$

$\Rightarrow n(2n+1)-6\vdots 2n+1$

$\Rightarrow 6\vdots 2n+1$

$\Rightarrow 2n+1\in Ư(6)$

Mà $2n+1$ lẻ nên: $2n+1\in \left\{1; -1; 3; -3\right\}$

$\Rightarrow n\in \left\{0; -1; 1; -2\right\}$