1) \(x+y=10\) mà \(x=y\) nên: \(x=y=\dfrac{10}{2}=5\)

2) \(2x+3y=180\) mà \(x=y\)

Ta có: \(2y+3y=180\Rightarrow5y=180\Rightarrow y=180:5=36\)

Vậy \(x=y=36\)

3) \(x+y=180\) mà \(x=y\) nên: \(x=y=\dfrac{180}{2}=90\)

4) \(3x+5y=13\) mà \(y=2x\) ta có:

\(3x+5\cdot2x=13\Rightarrow13x=13\Rightarrow x=1\)

\(y=2x=2\cdot1=2\)

Các câu còn lại bạn làm tương tự

\(x\left(x-y\right)=\dfrac{10}{9}\) (1)

\(y\left(x-y\right)=\dfrac{-2}{3}\) (2)

Trừ 1 và 2, ta được:

\(x\left(x-y\right)-y\left(x-y\right)=\dfrac{10}{9}-\left(\dfrac{-2}{3}\right)\)

      \(\left(x-y\right)\times\left(x-y\right)=\dfrac{16}{9}\)

                        \(\left(x-y\right)^2=\left(\pm\dfrac{4}{3}\right)^2\) 

                =>      \(x-y=\pm\dfrac{4}{3}\)  

TH1: 

Nếu \(x-y=\dfrac{4}{3}\) thay vào 1 và 2, Ta có:

\(x\times\dfrac{4}{3}=\dfrac{10}{9}\) => \(x=\dfrac{10}{9}\div\dfrac{4}{3}\) => \(x=\dfrac{5}{6}\) 

\(y\times\dfrac{4}{3}=\dfrac{-2}{3}\) => \(y=\dfrac{-2}{3}\div\dfrac{4}{3}\) => \(y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\) 

TH2:

+) Nếu \(x-y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\) thay vào 1 và 2, ta được:

\(x\times\dfrac{-4}{3}=\dfrac{10}{9}\) => \(x=\dfrac{10}{9}\div\dfrac{-4}{3}=\dfrac{-5}{6}\) 

\(y\times\dfrac{-4}{3}=\dfrac{-2}{3}\) => \(y=\dfrac{-2}{3}\div\dfrac{-4}{3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) 

Vậy ta có 2 cặp số (x,y) thoả mãn là \(\left(\dfrac{5}{6},\dfrac{-1}{2}\right);\left(\dfrac{-5}{6},\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

x/3=y/5=x+y/3+5=16/8=2

x/3=2 suy ra x=6

y/5=2 suy ra y=10

x/2=y/3suy ra x/8=y/12

y/4=z/5 suy ra y/12=z/15

x/8=y/12=z/15=x+y-z/8+12-15=10/5=2

x/8=2 suy ra x=16

y/12=2 suy ra y=24

x/15=2 suy ra z=30

b/

Ta có \(\left(x-3\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)>0\)

=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x-3>0\\x+\frac{1}{2}>0\end{cases}}\)=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x>3\\x>\frac{-1}{2}\end{cases}}\)

\(\dfrac{4}{x}=\dfrac{y}{21}=\dfrac{28}{49}=\dfrac{28:7}{49:7}=\dfrac{4}{9}\\ Vậy:x=\dfrac{4.9}{4}=9\\ y=\dfrac{4.21}{9}=\dfrac{28}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{3}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow x.y=2.3=6\\ Vậy:\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;6\right)=\left(6;1\right)\\\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;3\right)=\left(3;2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(3,\\ \dfrac{42}{54}=\dfrac{42:6}{54:6}=\dfrac{7}{9}\\ \dfrac{42}{54}=\dfrac{7}{x}=\dfrac{7}{9}\\ Vậy:x=\dfrac{7.9}{7}=9\)