17.  River pollution occurs when …………. are not removed from sewage and are discharged into the river.

A.  pollution B.  pesticides C.  pollutants D.  fertilizers

1 8.  Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions

The farmers removed some undeveloped trees to improve the growth of the rest.

A.  fertilized B.  transferred       C.  planted D. eliminated

19.  I saw an old man and a dog …………..were walking in the park near my house.

A. that            B.  who C.  whose D.  which    

20.   Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following questions

-  "What do you think could be the disadvantage of a smartphone?"      

-  " …………………… "

A. Students can use it to relax when they are tired of studying

B.  Yes, I think it is very disadvantaged to people.

C.  I don't think it has any disadvantage.    

D.  I think that it is bad for our eyes.  

River are on of the world's most important natural resources . Many cities are on the large rivers , and .....evry country has a least one river that....an imprtant part in the lives of its people. Besides transportation , river .....water for crops , water to drink , and recreation for people who live along their.....And in......to get water for crops , engineer sometimes build a dam.....a river and let water for crops , water to drink , and recreation for water not .....to irrigate fields but also to make electricity for homes and industries. .....the water often becomes polluted when cities on river bank grow up and the number of industries increases. We are learning that it is necessary to......rivers clean if we want to enjoy the benefit of the natural resources

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things. Pollutions in water are not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms to be affected are either plants or plankton. But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die in this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it is not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the sea shore that people realize what is happening. Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources – sewage and industrial waste. As more detergent is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas.

Detergents harm water birds dissolving the natural substance which keep their feather waterproof. Sewage itself, if it is not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful since there are many high poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead. So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple, sewage and industrial waste must be made clean before flowing into the water. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.

The living things die because there is no ______ in the lake or river.

A. water

B. poison

C. oxygen

D. fish

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 19 to 26.

          Conservation conflicts arise when natural resource shortages develop in the face of steadily increasing demands from a growing human population. Controversy frequently surrounds how a resource should be used , or allocated , and for whom. For example , a river may supply water for agricultural irrigation, habitat for fish , and water-generated electricity for a factory. Farmers , fishers , and industry leaders vie for unrestricted access to this river , but such freedom could destroy the resource , and conservation methods are necessary to protect the river for future use . Conflicts worsen when a natural resource crosses political boundaries . For example , the headwaters , or source , of a major river may be located in a different country rather than the country though which the river flows . There is no guarantee that the river source will be protected to accommodate resource needs downstream . In addition , the way in which one natural resource is managed has a direct effect upon other natural resources . Cutting down a forest near a river , for instance , increases erosion , the wearing-away of such as fish and important aquatic plants that require clean , clear freshwater for survival.

Which sentence below is NOT correct ?

A. Farmers , fishers and industry leaders vie for open access to this river.

B. Conservation methods are incidental to care for the river for future use .

C. A river may provide water for agricultural irrigation, habitat for fish, and water- generated electricity for a factory

D. Argument often surrounds how a resource should be used , or allocated , and for whom.

Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer

Conservation conflicts arise when natural-resource shortages develop in the face of steadily increasing demands from a growing human population. Controversy frequently surrounds how a resource should be used, or allocated, and for whom. For example, a river may supply water for agricultural irrigation, habitat for fish, and water-generated electricity for a factory. Farmers, fishers, and industry leaders vie for unrestricted access to this river, but such freedom could destroy the resource, and conservation methods are necessary to protect the river for future use.

Conflicts worsen when a natural resource crosses political boundaries. For example, the headwaters, or source, of a major river may be located in a different country than the country through which the river flows. There is no guarantee that the river source will be protected to accommodate resource needs downstream. In addition, the way in which one natural resource is managed has a direct effect upon other natural resources. Cutting down a forest near a river, for instance, increases erosion, the wearing away of topsoil, and can lead to flooding. Eroded soil and silt cloud the river and adversely affect many organisms such as fish and important aquatic plants that require clean, clear freshwater for survival.

Question: Which sentence below is not correct?

A. Argument often surrounds how a source should be used, or allocated, and for whom.

B. A river may provide water for agricultural irrigation, habitat for fish, and water-generated electricity for a factory.

C. Conservation methods are incidental to care for the river for future use.

D. Farmers, fishers, and industry leaders vie for open access to this river.

1. ____ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.

2. More and more waste and ____ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.

3. The ____ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.

4. Oil spills can cause the death of ____ animals such as fish.

5. ____ sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.

6. Cholera is transmitted through ____ water.

7. The health ____ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.

8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air ____.

9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are ____ annually along the coastline.

10. Up to 100.000 fish were found ____ along the river last week.

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 19 to 26.

          Conservation conflicts arise when natural resource shortages develop in the face of steadily increasing demands from a growing human population. Controversy frequently surrounds how a resource should be used , or allocated , and for whom. For example , a river may supply water for agricultural irrigation, habitat for fish , and water-generated electricity for a factory. Farmers , fishers , and industry leaders vie for unrestricted access to this river , but such freedom could destroy the resource , and conservation methods are necessary to protect the river for future use . Conflicts worsen when a natural resource crosses political boundaries . For example , the headwaters , or source , of a major river may be located in a different country rather than the country though which the river flows . There is no guarantee that the river source will be protected to accommodate resource needs downstream . In addition , the way in which one natural resource is managed has a direct effect upon other natural resources . Cutting down a forest near a river , for instance , increases erosion , the wearing-away of such as fish and important aquatic plants that require clean , clear freshwater for survival.

When do conflicts decline ?

A. When eroded soil and silt cloud affect many organisms

B. When natural resource shortages increase in the features of gradually increasing demands from human population.

C. When freedom could destroy the resource.

D. When a natural resource crosses political organisms.

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 19 to 26.

          Conservation conflicts arise when natural resource shortages develop in the face of steadily increasing demands from a growing human population. Controversy frequently surrounds how a resource should be used , or allocated , and for whom. For example , a river may supply water for agricultural irrigation, habitat for fish , and water-generated electricity for a factory. Farmers , fishers , and industry leaders vie for unrestricted access to this river , but such freedom could destroy the resource , and conservation methods are necessary to protect the river for future use . Conflicts worsen when a natural resource crosses political boundaries . For example , the headwaters , or source , of a major river may be located in a different country rather than the country though which the river flows . There is no guarantee that the river source will be protected to accommodate resource needs downstream . In addition , the way in which one natural resource is managed has a direct effect upon other natural resources . Cutting down a forest near a river , for instance , increases erosion , the wearing-away of such as fish and important aquatic plants that require clean , clear freshwater for survival.

What is the passage above mainly about?

A. Natural resource shortages

B. Agricultural irrigation

C. The headwaters of a major river

D. Conservation conflicts

Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

1. ____ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.

2. More and more waste and ____ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.

3. The ____ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.

4. Oil spills can cause the death of ____ animals such as fish.

5. ____ sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.

6. Cholera is transmitted through ____ water.

7. The health ____ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.

8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air ____.

9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are ____ annually along the coastline.

10. Up to 100.000 fish were found ____ along the river last week.