Bài 2: 

Vì n là số tự nhiên lẻ nên \(n=2k+1\left(k\in N\right)\)

1: 

\(n^2+4n+3\)

\(=n^2+3n+n+3\)

\(=\left(n+3\right)\left(n+1\right)\)

\(=\left(2k+1+3\right)\left(2k+1+1\right)\)

\(=\left(2k+4\right)\left(2k+2\right)\)

\(=4\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\)

Vì k+1;k+2 là hai số nguyên liên tiếp 

nên \(\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)⋮2\)

=>\(4\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)⋮8\)

hay \(n^2+4n+3⋮8\)

2: \(n^3+3n^2-n-3\)

\(=n^2\left(n+3\right)-\left(n+3\right)\)

\(=\left(n+3\right)\left(n^2-1\right)\)

\(=\left(n+3\right)\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\)

\(=\left(2k+1+3\right)\left(2k+1-1\right)\left(2k+1+1\right)\)

\(=2k\left(2k+2\right)\left(2k+4\right)\)

\(=8k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\)

Vì k;k+1;k+2 là ba số nguyên liên tiếp

nên \(k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)⋮3!\)

=>\(k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)⋮6\)

=>\(8k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)⋮48\)

hay \(n^3+3n^2-n-3⋮48\)

a: Với n=3 thì \(n^3+4n+3=3^3+4\cdot3+3=42⋮̸8\) nha bạn

b: Đặt \(A=n^3+3n^2-n-3\)

\(=\left(n^3+3n^2\right)-\left(n+3\right)\)

\(=n^2\left(n+3\right)-\left(n+3\right)\)

\(=\left(n+3\right)\left(n^2-1\right)\)

\(=\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\left(n+3\right)\)

n lẻ nên n=2k+1

=>\(A=\left(2k+1-1\right)\left(2k+1+1\right)\left(2k+1+3\right)\)

\(=2k\cdot\left(2k+2\right)\left(2k+4\right)\)

\(=8k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\)

Vì k;k+1;k+2 là ba số nguyên liên tiếp

nên \(k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)⋮3!=6\)

=>\(A=8k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)⋮6\cdot8=48\)

c: 

d: Đặt \(B=n^4-4n^3-4n^2+16n\)

\(=\left(n^4-4n^3\right)-\left(4n^2-16n\right)\)

\(=n^3\left(n-4\right)-4n\left(n-4\right)\)

\(=\left(n-4\right)\left(n^3-4n\right)\)

\(=n\left(n-4\right)\left(n^2-4\right)\)

\(=\left(n-4\right)\cdot\left(n-2\right)\cdot n\cdot\left(n+2\right)\)

n chẵn và n>=4 nên n=2k

B=n(n-4)(n-2)(n+2)

\(=2k\left(2k-2\right)\left(2k+2\right)\left(2k-4\right)\)

\(=2k\cdot2\left(k-1\right)\cdot2\left(k+1\right)\cdot2\left(k-2\right)\)

\(=16k\left(k-1\right)\left(k+1\right)\left(k-2\right)\)

Vì k-2;k-1;k;k+1 là bốn số nguyên liên tiếp

nên \(\left(k-2\right)\cdot\left(k-1\right)\cdot k\cdot\left(k+1\right)⋮4!=24\)

=>B chia hết cho \(16\cdot24=384\)

a) \(\frac{4n+3}{2n+1}=\frac{4n+2+1}{2n+1}=2+\frac{1}{2n+1}\)

Để có phép chia hết thì \(1⋮2n+1\Leftrightarrow2n+1\inƯ\left(1\right)=\left\{\pm1\right\}\)

b) \(\frac{3n-5}{4n+8}=\frac{3n+6-11}{4n+8}=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{11}{4n+8}\)

Để có phép chia hết thì \(11⋮4n+8\Leftrightarrow4n+8\inƯ\left(11\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm11\right\}\)

c) \(\frac{n+3}{n-1}=\frac{n-1+4}{n-1}=1+\frac{4}{n-1}\)

Để có phép chia hết thì \(4⋮n-1\Leftrightarrow n-1\inƯ\left(4\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4\right\}\)

d) \(\frac{3n+1}{11-n}=\frac{3n-33+34}{11-n}=-1+\frac{34}{11-n}\)

Để có phép chia hết thì \(34⋮11-n\Leftrightarrow11-n\inƯ\left(34\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm17;\pm34\right\}\)

Lập bảng xét giá trị cho từng trường hợp

g 7n chia het n-3

<=> 7n -21+21 chia het n-3

<=> 7(n-3) +21 chia het n-3

<=> 21 chia het n-3 (vi 7.(n-3) chia het cho n-3)

=> n-3 thuoc uoc cua 21

U(21) ={1;3;7;21}

=>n-3 thuoc{1;3;7;21}

n thuoc {4;6;10;24}