Để \(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\in Z\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-3+4}{\sqrt{x}-3}\in Z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}-3}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{x}-3}\in Z\Leftrightarrow1+\frac{4}{\sqrt{x}-3}\in Z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4}{\sqrt{x}-3}\in Z\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}-3\inƯ\left(4\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2;-4;4\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{2;4;1;5;-1;7\right\}\Rightarrow x\left\{4;16;1;25;1;49\right\}\)

Vậy \(x=\left\{1;4;16;25;49\right\}\)thì \(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\in Z.\)

a) Để A thuộc Z => \(\sqrt{x}\)- 3thuộc ước của 2 => \(\sqrt{x}\)- 3 thuộc -1; -2;1;2

=> căn x = 1 hoặc 2

câu b làm tương tự

a) để M nguyên thì \(\frac{x+2}{3}\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrow x+2⋮3\)

\(\Rightarrow\)x + 2 \(\in\)B ( 3 ) = { ... ; -9 ; -6 ; -3 ; 0 ; 3 ; 6 ; 9 ; ... }

\(\Rightarrow\)x = { ... ; -11 ; -8 ; -5 ; -2 ; 1 ; 4 ; 7 ; ... }

b) để N nguyên thì \(\frac{7}{x-1}\)nguyên 

\(\Rightarrow7⋮x-1\)

\(\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(7\right)=\left\{1;7;-1;-7\right\}\)

Lập bảng ta có :

Để \(\frac{7}{\sqrt{x-1}}\in Z\)thì \(\sqrt{x-1}\inƯ\left(7\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm7\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-1}=1\\\sqrt{x-1}=7\end{cases}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\\x=50\end{cases}}}\)

Vậy........

Ta có : \(A=\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}=\dfrac{x^2+2x+1-2x-1}{x+1}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2-2x-2+1}{x+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2-2\left(x+1\right)+1}{x+1}=x+1-2+\dfrac{1}{x+1}=x-1+\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)

- Để A là số nguyên .

\(\Leftrightarrow x+1\inƯ_{\left(1\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+1\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{0;-2\right\}\)

Vậy ...

\(P=\frac{x^2-5}{x^2-2}=\frac{x^2-2-3}{x^2-2}=\frac{x^2-2}{x^2-2}-\frac{3}{x^2-2}\)

\(=1-\frac{3}{x^2-2}\). Để P thuộc Z thì \(\frac{3}{x^2-2}\in Z\)

Hay \(x^2-2\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{\pm1\right\}\left(x\in Z\right)\)