Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:

a) Ta có: 

\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)

\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)

\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)

\(M=2\cdot\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+2,5\right]\)

\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)

Mà: \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên:

\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(2\left(x+1\right)^2+5=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy: \(M_{min}=5\) khi \(x=-1\)

b) Ta có:

\(N=x^2-x+1\)

\(N=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Mà: \(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên \(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu '=" xảy ra: 

\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy: \(N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức

a) Ta có: 

\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)

\(E=-\left(4x^2-x+1\right)\)

\(E=-\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2\cdot2x\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)

\(E=-\left[\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)

Mà: \(\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\ge\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\) nên 

\(\Rightarrow E=-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{1}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)

Vậy: \(E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)

b) Ta có:

\(F=5x-3x^2+6\)

\(F=-3x^2+5x-6\)

\(F=-\left(3x^2-5x-6\right)\)

\(F=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x-2\right)\)

\(F=-3\left[\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2-\dfrac{97}{36}\right]\)

\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\)

Mà: \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2\le0\forall x\) nên:

\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\le\dfrac{97}{36}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}=\dfrac{97}{36}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

Vậy: \(F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{36}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)

\(=2\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)

\(=2\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)

\(=2\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{2}\right]\)

\(=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)

Vì \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow M_{min}=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Tương tự: \(N=x^2-x+1\)

\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)

\(=-4\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)

\(=-4\left[x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{8}+\left(\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\right]\)

\(=-4\left[\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{64}\right]\)

\(=-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}\)

Vì \(-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

Tương tự: \(F=5x-3x^2+6\)

\(=-3x^2+5x+6\)

\(=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{12}\le\dfrac{97}{12}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{12}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(M=x^2-4x+5=x^2-4x+4+1=\left(x-2\right)^2+1.\)

Ta có: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\) \(\forall x\in R.\)

           \(1>0.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+1\ge1.\Rightarrow M\ge1.\)

Dấu \("="\) xảy ra. \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+1=1.\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=0.\Leftrightarrow x=2.\)

Vậy GTNN của M = 1 khi x = 2.

\(M=x^2-4x+4+1\)=\(\left(x-2\right)^2+1\)

vì \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\) nên \(\left(x-2\right)^2+1\ge1\)

=>\(M\ge1\) dấu''='' xảy ra  khi M = 1<=>x-2=0<=>x=2

kl:\(M_{min}=1\) khi và chỉ khi x =2

                                                      Bài giải

\(M=\left(3x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-4\)

Do \(\left(3x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\text{ với mọi }x\text{ }\Rightarrow\text{ }\left(3x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-4\ge-4\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(3x-\frac{1}{2}=0\text{ }\Rightarrow\text{ }3x=\frac{1}{2}\text{ }\Rightarrow\text{ }x=\frac{1}{6}\)

Vậy GTNN của \(M=-4\text{ khi }x=\frac{1}{6}\)

Bài 1 : 

Đề câu a) có thêm \(n\inℤ\)

a) \(A=n^2+n+3=n\left(n+1\right)+2+1\)

Ta thấy : \(n\left(n+1\right)⋮2,2⋮2\)

\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+1\right)+2⋮2\)

\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+1\right)+2+1⋮̸2\)

hay \(A⋮̸2\) ( đpcm )

b) Ta có : \(\left|2x-4\right|\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left|2x-4\right|\le0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow18-\left|2x-4\right|\le18\forall x\)

hay \(A\le18\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-4\right|=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Vậy max \(A=18\) khi \(x=2\)

b1 : 

a,n^2 + n + 3

= n(n + 1) + 3

n(n+1) là tích của 2 stn liên tiếp => n(n+1) chia hết cho 2

=> n(n+1) + 3 không chia hết cho 2

b, A = 18 - |2x - 4| 

|2x - 4| > 0 => - |2x - 4| < 0

=> 18 - |2x - 4| < 18 

=> A < 18

xét A = 18 khi |2x - 4| = 0

=> 2x - 4 = 0

=> x = 2

c, A = |5 - x| + 2015

|5 - x| > 0

=> |5 - x| + 2015 > 2015

=> A  > 2015

xét A = 2015 khi |5 - x| = 0

=> 5 - x = 0 => x = 5

Mình làm nốt mấy bài GTNN :

c) Ta có : \(\left|5-x\right|\ge0\forall x\) \(\Rightarrow\left|5-x\right|+2015\ge2015\forall x\)

hay \(A\ge2015\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left|5-x\right|=0\Leftrightarrow x=5\)

Vậy : min \(A=2015\) tại \(x=5\)

Bài 2 : 

a) \(\left|x-5\right|\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left|x-5\right|+2012\ge2012\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=5\)

b) \(\left|x-2\right|\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left|x-2\right|+2013\ge2013\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Vì |y-5|>=0

=>A=|y-5|+100>=100

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi:|y-5|=0

                                    y-5=0

                                      y=5

Vậy A có giá trị nhỏ nhất là 100 khi y=5

Vì |x-2015|>=0

=>2016-|x-2015|<=2016

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi:|x-2015|=0

                                    x-2015=0

                                          x=2015

Vậy A có giá trị lớn nhất là 2016 khi x=2015

Tự học giúp bạn có được một gia tài
Jim Rohn – Triết lý cuộc đời

\(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ \left|2-y\right|^{2015}\ge0\forall y\\ \Rightarrow C=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left|2-y\right|^{2015}-2016\ge-2016\forall x;y\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\ C_{min}=-2016\)