1.Tính nhanh nếu có thể:
a) 22 + 23 + 89 + 77
= ( 77 + 23 ) + 22 + 89
= 100 + 22 + 89
= 122 + 89
= 211
b) 35 . 15 + 15 . 65
= 15 . ( 35 + 65 )
= 15 . 100
= 1500
c) 7^2 - 36 : 3^2
=  7^2 - 36 : 9
= 7^2 - 4
= 49 - 4
= 45
d) 476 - {5 . [409 - (8 . 3 - 21)2] - 1724}
= 476 - {5 . [409 - (24 - 21)^2] - 1724}
= 476 - {5 . [409 - (3^2)] -  1724}
= 476 - {5 . [409 - 9 ] - 1724}
= 476 - {5. 400 - 1724}
= 476 - {2000 - 1724}
= 476 - 276
= 200

2. Tìm x, biết:

a) x + 37 = 50

x = 50 - 37

x = 13

b) 2x - 3 = 11

2x = 11 + 3

2x = 14

2x = 2 . 7

a: \(3⋮̸x+2\)

=>\(x+2\notin\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

=>\(x\notin\left\{-1;-3;1;-5\right\}\)

b: \(2x-1⋮̸x-1\)

=>\(2x-2+1⋮̸x-1\)

=>\(1⋮̸x-1\)

=>\(x-1\notin\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

=>\(x\notin\left\{2;0\right\}\)

c: \(x+3⋮2\)

mà \(3⋮̸2\)

nên \(x⋮̸2\)

=>x\(\in\){2k+1;k\(\in\)Z}

a: \(\Leftrightarrow x+3\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;4;-4;6;-6;12;-12\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{-2;-4;-1;-5;0;-6;1;-7;3;-9;9;-15\right\}\)

1)(2x+1)(y-4)=12

Ta xét bảng sau:

2)n-7 chia hết cho n+1

n+1-8 chia hết cho n+1

=>8 chia hết cho n+1 hay n+1EƯ(8)={1;-1;2;-2;4;-4;8;-8}

=>nE{2;0;3;-1;5;-3;9;-7}

3)|x+3|+2<4

|x+3|<4-2

|x+3|<2

=>|x+3|=1      và      |x+3|=0

=>x+3=1               hoặc            x+3=-1                 hay              x+3=0

x=1-3                                       x=-1-3                                     x=0-3

x=-2                                        x=-4                                        x=-3

Vậy x=-2;-3 hoặc x=-4

a) \(x^2+x+1=x\left(x+1\right)+1\)

Vì \(x\inℤ\)\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+1\right)⋮x+1\)\(\Rightarrow\)Để \(x^2+x+1⋮x+1\)thì \(1⋮x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow x+1\inƯ\left(1\right)=\left\{-1;1\right\}\)\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0\right\}\)

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-2;0\right\}\)

b) \(3x-8=3x-12+4=3\left(x-4\right)+4\)

Vì \(3\left(x-4\right)⋮x-4\)\(\Rightarrow\)Để \(3x-8⋮x-4\)thì \(4⋮x-4\)

\(\Rightarrow x-4\inƯ\left(4\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4\right\}\)

Lập bảng giá trị ta có: 

Vậy \(x\in\left\{0;2;3;5;6;8\right\}\)

a) Để \(-1:x\)là số nguyên 

\(\Rightarrow\)\(x\inƯ\left(-1\right)\in\left\{\pm1\right\}\)

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-1;1\right\}\)

b) Để \(1:x+1\)là số nguyên 

\(\Rightarrow\)\(x+1\inƯ\left(1\right)\in\left\{\pm1\right\}\)

+ \(x+1=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=1-1=0 \left(TM\right)\)

+ \(x+1=-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=-1-1=-2\left(TM\right)\)

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-2; 0\right\}\)

c) Để \(-2:x\)là số nguyên 

\(\Rightarrow\)\(x\inƯ\left(-2\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-1;-2;1;2\right\}\)

d) Để \(3:x-2\)là số nguyên 

\(\Rightarrow\)\(x-2\inƯ\left(3\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)

- Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-1;1;3;5\right\}\)

e) Ta có: \(x+8=\left(x-7\right)+15\)

- Để \(x+8⋮x-7\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x-7\right)+15⋮x-7\)mà \(x-7⋮x-7\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(15⋮x-7\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x-7\in\left\{\pm1;\pm3;\pm5;\pm15\right\}\)

- Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-8;2;4;6;8;10;12;22\right\}\)

f) Ta có: \(2x+9=\left(2x-10\right)+19=2.\left(x-5\right)+19\)

- Để \(2x+9⋮x-5\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2.\left(x-5\right)+19⋮x-5\)mà \(2.\left(x-5\right)⋮x-5\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(19⋮x-5\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x-5\inƯ\left(19\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm19\right\}\)

- Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-14;4;6;24\right\}\)

g) Ta có: \(2x+16=\left(2x-16\right)+32=2.\left(x-8\right)+32\)

- Để \(2x+16⋮x-8\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2.\left(x-8\right)+32⋮x-8\)mà \(2.\left(x-8\right)⋮x-8\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(32⋮x-8\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x-8\inƯ\left(32\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm8;\pm16;\pm32\right\}\)

- Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-24;-8;0;4;6;7;9;10;12;16;24;40\right\}\)

h) Ta có: \(5x+2=\left(5x-5\right)+7=5.\left(x-1\right)+7\)

- Để \(5x+2⋮x-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(5.\left(x-1\right)+7⋮x-1\)mà \(5.\left(x-1\right)⋮x-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(7⋮x-1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x-1\inƯ\left(7\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm7\right\}\)

- Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-6;0;2;8\right\}\)

k) Ta có: \(3x=\left(3x-6\right)+6=3.\left(x-2\right)+6\)

- Để \(3x⋮x-2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(3.\left(x-2\right)+6⋮x-2\)mà \(3.\left(x-2\right)⋮x-2\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(6⋮x-2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x-2\inƯ\left(6\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm3;\pm6\right\}\)

- Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-4;-1;0;1;3;4;5;8\right\}\)

Giải như sau.

(1)+(2)⇔x2−2x+1+√x2−2x+5=y2+√y2+4⇔(x2−2x+5)+√x2−2x+5=y2+4+√y2+4⇔√y2+4=√x2−2x+5⇒x=3y(1)+(2)⇔x2−2x+1+x2−2x+5=y2+y2+4⇔(x2−2x+5)+x2−2x+5=y2+4+y2+4⇔y2+4=x2−2x+5⇒x=3y

⇔√y2+4=√x2−2x+5⇔y2+4=x2−2x+5, chỗ này do hàm số f(x)=t2+tf(x)=t2+t đồng biến ∀t≥0∀t≥0
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