I, Combine the following sentences by completing the second.

1. Family members care for each other. It is essential for that.

It is essential_______________________________________ .

2. Families are the place where we learn values, skills, and behavior. We are aware of that.

We are aware_______________________________________ .

3. Parents should guide their children into the world outside the home. It is certain about that.

It is certain_______________________________________ .

4. Strong families have a sense of loyalty and devotion toward family members. We are conscious of that.

We are conscious__________________________________________.

5. The family is a place of shelter for individual family members. It is sure about that.

It is sure________________________________________ .

6. The family becomes a source of encouragement in times of personal success or defeat. We are conscious of that.

We are conscious _____________________________________ .

7. Each family needs its own special set of rules and guidelines. It is sure about that.

It is sure_____________________________________.

8. Love requires constant daily effort by each family member. We are convinced of that.

We are convinced______________________________________ .

9. Laughing together builds up a family but laughing at each other divides a family. It is clear about that.

It is clear_________________________________________ .

10. Children are allowed to have a voice in decision making in the family. We are pleased about that.

We are pleased_________________________________________ .

III. Rewrite the following sentences using the provided word and keep meaning as that of the root one.

33.  Lan went to school after saying goodbye to her parents.

 After Lan………………………

34. The family becomes a source of encouragement in times of personal success or defeat. We are conscious of that.

We are conscious……………………………………………………………..

35. He was so brave that he ran after the thief to get the bag back.

 It was ……………………………………………………………………

36. Each family needs its own special set of rules and guidelines. It is sure about that.

 It is sure………………………………………………………………..

37. Please don’t smoke in the dining room. (‘d rather)

I’d rather……………………………………………………………………

38. The flight to Moscow lasted three and a half hour. (took)

It took……………………………………………

61. We haven’t seen each other for over two years.

The last time …………………………………………………………

62. It is thought that the prisoner was recaptured while drinking in a pub.

The prisoner …………………………………………………...……………

63. You can try to get Tom to lend you his car but you won’t succeed.

There’s no point …………………………………………………..…………….

64. When he is asked about his past, he hates it.

 He hates …………………………………………………………………

65. Why do you come home late?

What……………………………………………………………….….?

Read the passage and fill in each of the blanks with ONE suitable word.

True relaxation is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television with a welcome drink. Nor is it about drifting (1)______ an exhausted sleep. Useful though these responses to tension and over-tiredness (2)______ be, we should distinguish between them and conscious relaxation in (3)______ of quality and effect. (4)______ of the level of tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alert yet at the same time passive awareness, in which our bodies are (5)______ rest while our minds are awake.

Moreover, it is as natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting. (6)______ relaxed in action means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, so as to have a feeling of healthy tiredness by the end of the day, (7)______ than one of exhaustion. Unfortunately, as a result of living in today’s competitive world, we are under constant strain and have difficulty in coping, (8)______ alone nurturing our body’s abilities. What needs to be rediscovered is conscious relaxation. With (9)______ in mind we must apply ourselves to understanding stress and the nature of its causes (10)______ deep-seated.

III. Read the text below and write on word in each blank to complete it

You might be a terrible friend and not event realize it. That should scare (1)_____________, it should!

You know what? Right now you should (2)_____________sweating profusely, pacing the floor, and asking yourself whether or not you know(3)_____________to be a good friend.

Sometimes our actions and the words that escape(4)_____________mouths stop going through a filter. Then eventually we’re not even conscious (5)_____________how horrible we are as a person or(6)_____________ friend.

We get so used to our friends that we become insensitive to the things we say and (7)_____________. Sure, that level of comfort can be a good thing, but at the same time a lot of ugliness can start leaking out. It could be a reflection of the (8)_____________ you really are

III. Read the text below and write on word in each blank to complete it

You might be a terrible friend and not event realize it. That should scare (1)_____________, it should!

You know what? Right now you should (2)_____________sweating profusely, pacing the floor, and asking yourself whether or not you know(3)_____________to be a good friend.

Sometimes our actions and the words that escape(4)_____________mouths stop going through a filter. Then eventually we’re not even conscious (5)_____________how horrible we are as a person or(6)_____________ friend.

We get so used to our friends that we become insensitive to the things we say and (7)_____________. Sure, that level of comfort can be a good thing, but at the same time a lot of ugliness can start leaking out. It could be a reflection of the (8)_____________ you really are

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

           In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

          Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behaviour, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behaviour as cultural in origin.

           Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioural differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behaviour, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

           Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise.

The phrase “the tip of the iceberg” in paragraph 1 means that ___________.

A. most aspects of culture cannot be seen

B. we usually focus on the highest forms of culture

C. other cultures seem cold to us

D. visible aspects of culture are learned in formal institutions

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

           In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

          Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behaviour, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behaviour as cultural in origin.

           Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioural differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behaviour, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

           Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise.

The word “deliberately” in bold in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. slowly             

B. accurately     

C. intentionally     

D. randomly 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

   In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

   Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behavior as cultural in origin.

   Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behavior, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

   Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise.

The word “rituals” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .................. 

A. cultures

B. formalities

C. assumptions

D. aspects

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to  each question.

In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behaviour as cultural in origin.

Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behaviour, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise

The phrase “the tip of the iceberg” in paragraph 1 means that __________

A. visible aspects of culture are learned in formal institutions

B. most aspects of culture cannot be seen

C. other cultures seem cold to us

D. we usually focus on the highest forms of culture