Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\) (pp trục căn thức ở mẫu)

                          \(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n^2+2n+1-n^2-n\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Áp dụng tính: \(S=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{400\sqrt{399}+399\sqrt{400}}\)

                        \(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{399}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}\)

                          \(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)

Vậy S = 19/20

Lời giải:

Liên hợp ta thấy:

\(2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})=2.\frac{(n+1)-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}<\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(1)\)

\(2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})=2.\frac{n-(n-1)}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(2)\)

Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow 2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)

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Áp dụng vào bài toán:

\(S=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}>1+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+2(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})+...+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100})\)

\(\Leftrightarrow S>1+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{2})>18(*)\)

Và:

\(S< 1+2(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+....+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99})\)

\(\Leftrightarrow S< 1+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1})=19(**)\)

Từ $(*); (**)$ suy ra $18< S< 19$ (đpcm)

Ta có :

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n+1}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{n+1-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}\\\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{n+1-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}\end{cases}}\forall n\in N\)

Suy ra : \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n+1}}< \sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)

Đặt \(M=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2499}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2500}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}M=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2500}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2499}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT , ta có :

\(\frac{1}{2}M< \sqrt{2500}-\sqrt{2499}+\sqrt{2499}-\sqrt{2498}+...+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}M< \sqrt{2500}-\sqrt{1}+\frac{1}{2}=50-\frac{1}{2}< 50\)

\(\Rightarrow M< 100\)

a)\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right).\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2.n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

b)\(S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{399}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}\)

\( S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)

\(a,\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}\left(n+1-n\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}-\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

b, \(S=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{4}+4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{400\sqrt{399}+399\sqrt{400}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{399}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)

Đề sai '-'

Bạn tham khảo lời giải tại link sau:

Câu hỏi của Hoa Trần Thị - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến

Lời giải:

Sửa đề: CMR:

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}-1\)

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Sử dụng PP liên hợp ta có:

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4})(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})}+....+\frac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}}{(\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{4-3}+....+\frac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}}{n-(n-1)}\)

\(=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\)

\(=\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{1}=\sqrt{n}-1\)

Ta có đpcm.