= \(ax^3+acx^2+ax+bx^2+bcx+b\) =>\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\ac+b=0\\a+bc=2;b=2\end{cases}}=>\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=2\\c=-2\end{cases}}\)

( ax + b )( x² + cx + 1 ) = x³ - 3x + 2

<=> ax( x² + cx + 1 ) + b( x² + cx + 1 ) = x³ - 3x + 2

<=> ax³ + acx² + ax + bx² + bcx + b = x³ - 3x + 2

<=> ax³ + ( ac + b )x² + ( a + bc )x + b = x³ - 3x + 2

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\ac+b=0\\a+bc=-3\end{cases}}\)và b = 2

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=2\\c=-2\end{cases}}\)

a) ( 2x + 3 )( 3x + a ) = bx² + cx - 3

<=> 2x( 3x + a ) + 3( 3x + a ) = bx² + cx - 3

<=> 6x² + 2ax + 9x + 3a = bx² + cx - 3

<=> 6x² + ( 2a + 9 )x + 3a = bx² + cx - 3

Đồng nhất hệ số 

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}b=6\\2a+9=c\\3a=-3\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b=6\\c=7\\a=-1\end{cases}}\)

b) ( ax + 1 )( x² - bx + 3 ) = 2x³ - x² + 5x + c

<=> ax( x² - bx + 3 ) + x² - bx + 3 = 2x³ - x² + 5x + c

<=> ax³ - abx² + 3ax + x² - bx + 3 = 2x³ - x² + 5x + c 

<=> ax³ + ( 1 - ab )x² + ( 3a - b )x + 3 = 2x³ - x² + 5x + c

Đồng nhất hệ số 

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\1-ab=-1\\3a-b=5\end{cases}}\)và c = 3 => \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=1\\c=3\end{cases}}\)

a) Ta có: 

\(\left(2x+3\right)\left(3x+a\right)=bx^2+cx-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6x^2+\left(2a+9\right)x+3a=bx^2+cx-3\)

Đồng nhất hệ số ta được:

\(\hept{\begin{cases}6=b\\2a+9=c\\a=-1\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-1\\b=6\\c=7\end{cases}}\)

b) \(\left(ax+1\right)\left(x^2-bx+3\right)=2x^3-x^2+5x+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ax^3+\left(1-ab\right)x^2+\left(3a-b\right)x+3=2x^3-x^2+5x+c\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\1-ab=-1\\3a-b=5\end{cases}}\&c=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=1\\c=3\end{cases}}\)

\(2,\\ PT\Leftrightarrow6x^2+9y^2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)=20412\\ \text{Mà }20412⋮3;6x^2+9y^2⋮3\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2⋮3\Leftrightarrow x^2⋮3;y^2⋮3\Leftrightarrow x⋮3;y⋮3\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3a\\y=3b\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b\in Z\right)\Leftrightarrow5\left(3a\right)^2+8\left(3b\right)^2=20412\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(5a^2+8b^2\right)=20412\\ \Leftrightarrow5a^2+8b^2=2268\)

Mà \(2268⋮3\Leftrightarrow5a^2+8b^2⋮3\Leftrightarrow a^2⋮3;b^2⋮3\Leftrightarrow a⋮3;b⋮3\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3c\\b=3d\end{matrix}\right.\left(c,d\in Z\right)\Leftrightarrow9\left(5c^2+8d^2\right)=2268\Leftrightarrow5c^2+8d^2=252\)

Mà \(252⋮3\Leftrightarrow5c^2+8d^2⋮3\Leftrightarrow c^2⋮3;d^2⋮3\Leftrightarrow c⋮3;d⋮3\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=3k\\d=3q\end{matrix}\right.\left(k,q\in Z\right)\Leftrightarrow9\left(5k^2+8q^2\right)=252\Leftrightarrow5k^2+8q^2=28\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5k^2=28-8q^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow q^2\le\dfrac{28}{8}=3,5\\ \text{Mà }q\in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow-3\le q^2\le3\Leftrightarrow-1\le q\le1\)

\(\forall q=0\Leftrightarrow k^2=\dfrac{28}{5}\left(ktm\right)\\ \forall q=\pm1\Leftrightarrow k=\pm2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(c;d\right)=\left(6;3\right);\left(-6;-3\right);\left(-6;3\right);\left(6;-3\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(18;9\right)\left(-18;-9\right);\left(-18;9\right);\left(18;-9\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(54;27\right);\left(-54;-27\right);\left(54;-27\right);\left(-54;27\right)\)