Thay ab+bc+ac = 1 vào Q

Thay ab+bc+ac = 1 và Q ta được :

\(Q=\left(a^2+ab+ac+bc\right)\left(b^2+ab+ac+bc\right)\left(c^2+ab+ac+bc\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\right]^2\) là bình phương  của một số hữu tỉ (đpcm)

Thay 1= 4(ab+bc+ca), Ta có: 

\(\left(1+4a^2\right)\left(1+4b^2\right)\left(1+4c^2\right)\)

\(=4\left(ab+bc+ca+a^2\right).4\left(ab+bc+ca+b^2\right).4\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)\)

\(=64.\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)

\(=64\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2\)

\(=\left[8\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)

Mà a, b, c là số hữu tỉ 

\(\Rightarrow\left[8\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)là bình phương một số hữu tỉ 

\(\Rightarrow\left(1+4a^2\right)\left(1+4b^2\right)\left(1+4c^2\right)\)là bình phương một số hữu tỉ

!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ta có: (a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)

= (a^2+ab+bc+ ca)(b^2+ab+bc+ ca)(c^2+ab+bc+ ca)

=[(a^2 +ab)+(bc+ ca)][(b^2 +ab)+(bc+ ca)][(c^2 +ab)+(bc+ ca)]

=(a+c)(a+b)(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)(b+c)

=[(a+c)(a+b)(b+c)]^2

Vậy..............................

Ta có :

\(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\)

\(=\left(a^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(=\left[\left(a^2+ab\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)\right]\left[\left(b^2+ab\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)\right]\left[\left(c^2+bc\right)+\left(ab+ca\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)

Vậy ...

Thấy : \(a+bc=a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc=a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\) 

CMTT \(b+ac=\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right);c+ab=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)

Suy ra : \(A=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\) là b/p số hữu tỉ 

\(P=\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(a^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(c^2+ca+ab+bc\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right)\left(b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right)\left(c\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2}\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

vì a,b,c là sô số hữu tỉ\(\Rightarrow a+b,a+c,b+c\)là số hữu tỉ \(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)là số hữu tỉ

\(\Rightarrow P\)là số hữu tỉ   (đpcm)

\(Q=\left(a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)=\)

\(=a^2b^2c^2+a^2b^2+a^2c^2+a^2+b^2c^2+b^2+c^2+1=\)

\(=a^2b^2c^2+\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+1\) (1)

Ta có

\(\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2=a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2+2ab^2c+2abc^2+2a^2bc=\)

\(=a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2=1-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (2)

Ta có

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\) (3)

Thay (2) và (3) vào (1)

\(Q=a^2b^2c^2+1-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2+1=\)

\(=\left(abc\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\)

\(=\left[abc-\left(a+b+c\right)\right]^2\)

A=\(\frac{x^2y^2+x^2z^2+y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}\)

Ta có:\(x^2y^2+x^2z^2+y^2z^2=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2-2\left(xyz\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)(do x+y+z=0)

Do đó A=\(\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=\left[\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{xyz}\right]^2\)

Nên A là số chính phương(ĐCCM)