Read the text and answer the following questions.

The Earth was formed about 4.7 billion years ago. The Earth's shape is very close to that of a sphere, not perfectly spherical. The Earth's equatorial diameter is about 12,756 km, which is slightly larger than the polar diameter; about 12,714 km Surface Area of the Earth is 510,065,600 km2 of which 148,939,100 km2 (29.2%) is land and 361,126,400 km2 (70.8 %) is water. The Earth rotates on its axis, an imaginary straight line through its centre. The two points where the axis of rotation intersects the Earth's surface are called as the poles, one of them is called the North Pole and the other is known as the South Pole. One rotation with respect to Sun is completed in 24 hours, called a solar day.

1. When was the Earth created?

2. How is the Earth?

3. What main elements does the Earth include?

4. What are the places of the axis of rotation intersects the Earth‟s surface called?

5. How long is a solar day completed?

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The Earth was formed about 4.7 billion years ago. The Earth’s shape is very close to that of a sphere, not perfectly spherical. The Earth’s equatorial diameter is about 12,756 km, which is slightly larger than the polar diameter; about 12,714 km Surface Area of the Earth is 510,065,600 km2 of which 148,939,100 km2 (29.2 %) is land and 361,126,400 km2 (70.8 %) is water.
The Earth rotates on its axis, an imaginary straight line through its centre. The two points where the axis of rotation intersects the Earth’s surface are called as the poles, one of them is called the North Pole and the other is known as the South Pole. One rotation with respect to Sun is completed in 24 hours, called a solar day

1. When was the Earth created ?

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2. How is the Earth ?

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3 What main elements does the Earth include ?
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4. What are the places of the axis of rotation intersects the Earth's surface called?

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5. How long is a solar day completed?

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Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

Comets are bodies that move around in space. They are something likes stars or small planets that move around the sun. Comets are surrounded by gases and the sun makes those gases look very bright. Dust can get caught in the gas around the comet and make the comet look like it has a tails.

Halley's Comet is the most famous comet, but we can't see it very often. In fact, it can only be seen from the Earth when it moves close the sun. This means that this beautiful comet only comes into our sky every 77 years or so. The last time Halley's Comet was invisible from the Earth was in 1991. Did you see it?

Halley's Comet was named after the English astronomer Edmond Halley. An astronomer studies the star and planets in the solar system. Edmond Halley was born in London, England, in 1656. He studies astronomy at Oxford University. In 1676, he left the university to study the astronomy of the Southern Hemisphere. He wrote a brook about the arrangement of the stars in the sky and the movement of the planets. He made the first accurate map of the stars we see in the sky. He also observed the moon and studied how the Moon affects the ocean tides. He helped find a way to measure distances in space. This measurement was used by other scientists to learn about the size of our solar system and the distances of many star and planets from the Earth.

Halley especially liked to study comets. He read about comets and observed them in the sky. He learned about the way they moved around the Sun — each comet follows a different path around the Sun and travels at its own speed. The path and speed of a body as it moves in space is called its orbit. Halley calculated the orbits of comets that he read about or saw himself. He found the orbits for twenty-four comets.

Halley also noticed that the paths of a comet seen in 1531 and of a comet seen in 1607 were identical to the path of a comet he had observed in 1682. He concluded that these three comets were, in fact, the same comet. Halley predicted that the comet would come again in 1758, and it did! This comet was named “Halley’s Comet” and can be seen from Earth. The first reports of this comet in history were made in 240 B.C. by Chinese astronomers, so we know that it has been orbiting the Sun to more than 2,000 years. Halley’s Comet is not the only comet in our sky, but it is the only one that appears regularly and can be predicted. It is also one of the brightest comets, and people can see it without a telescope.

Like comets, the Earth also travels around the Sun. Sometimes the orbit of t Earth passes through the path of Hailey’s Comet. Like comets, the Earth also travels around the Sun. Sometimes the orbit of the Earth passes through the path of Hailey’s Comet. When this When this happens, dust left behind from the comet falls to Earth. The dust burns and makes brilliant lights like falling stars in the sky. You can see this happen every year in May and October. Astronomers predict that Hailey’s Comet will enter our sky again in 2061. Who do you think will see it?

When the paths of the Earth and Hailey Comet cross each other

A. astronomers starts making predictions about its appearance

B. dust from the tail of the comet burn's brightly and looks like ling stars in the night sky

C. Hailey’s Comet appears in May and October

D. stars begins to fall from the sky

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

Comets are bodies that move around in space. They are something likes stars or small planets that move around the sun. Comets are surrounded by gases and the sun makes those gases look very bright. Dust can get caught in the gas around the comet and make the comet look like it has a tails.

Halley's Comet is the most famous comet, but we can't see it very often. In fact, it can only be seen from the Earth when it moves close the sun. This means that this beautiful comet only comes into our sky every 77 years or so. The last time Halley's Comet was invisible from the Earth was in 1991. Did you see it?

Halley's Comet was named after the English astronomer Edmond Halley. An astronomer studies the star and planets in the solar system. Edmond Halley was born in London, England, in 1656. He studies astronomy at Oxford University. In 1676, he left the university to study the astronomy of the Southern Hemisphere. He wrote a brook about the arrangement of the stars in the sky and the movement of the planets. He made the first accurate map of the stars we see in the sky. He also observed the moon and studied how the Moon affects the ocean tides. He helped find a way to measure distances in space. This measurement was used by other scientists to learn about the size of our solar system and the distances of many star and planets from the Earth.

Halley especially liked to study comets. He read about comets and observed them in the sky. He learned about the way they moved around the Sun — each comet follows a different path around the Sun and travels at its own speed. The path and speed of a body as it moves in space is called its orbit. Halley calculated the orbits of comets that he read about or saw himself. He found the orbits for twenty-four comets.

Halley also noticed that the paths of a comet seen in 1531 and of a comet seen in 1607 were identical to the path of a comet he had observed in 1682. He concluded that these three comets were, in fact, the same comet. Halley predicted that the comet would come again in 1758, and it did! This comet was named “Halley’s Comet” and can be seen from Earth. The first reports of this comet in history were made in 240 B.C. by Chinese astronomers, so we know that it has been orbiting the Sun to more than 2,000 years. Halley’s Comet is not the only comet in our sky, but it is the only one that appears regularly and can be predicted. It is also one of the brightest comets, and people can see it without a telescope.

Like comets, the Earth also travels around the Sun. Sometimes the orbit of t Earth passes through the path of Hailey’s Comet. Like comets, the Earth also travels around the Sun. Sometimes the orbit of the Earth passes through the path of Hailey’s Comet. When this When this happens, dust left behind from the comet falls to Earth. The dust burns and makes brilliant lights like falling stars in the sky. You can see this happen every year in May and October. Astronomers predict that Hailey’s Comet will enter our sky again in 2061. Who do you think will see it?

One of Hailey’s contributions to astronomy was _____

A. giving a name to one of the most famous comets

B. drawing a map of the Southern Hemisphere

C. finding a way to measure distances in space

D. founding the astronomy department at Oxford University

Read the following passage andmark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correctanswerto each ofthe questions from 36to 41.

The Ring of Fire is an enormous chain of volcanoes all around the Pacific Ocean. The ring goes from New Zealand up to Asia and across the ocean to Alaska. From Alaska, the ring continues southward along the coast of both North and South America. More than seventy-five percent of the world's volcanoes are located in this ring. Scientists are interested in studying the Ring of Fire because they can observe plate tectonics at work there. In 1912, a German scientist, Alfred Wegener, came up with the first theory of land movement. Wegener said continents are made up of lighter rocks resting on heavier material. Similar to the way large things move while floating on water, Wegener suggested that the positions of the continents were not fixed, but that they moved slightly. Later, scientists discovered most of Wegener's ideas were right on the mark. They then developed the theory called plate tectonics. According to plate tectonics, the surface of the Earth consists of a number of enormous plates or sections of rock, each about eighty kilometers thick. The plates float and slowly move at speeds between one to ten centimeters every year. That is about the rate your fingernails grow! Within the Ring of Fire, new material for the Earth's plates is constantly being created as hot liquid rock called magma flows from the center of the Earth up to the ocean floor. All the existing plates on the Earth's surface have to move slightly to make room for the new material. As plates move both away from and toward each other, they run into each other. When they hit each other, one plate might move under another. This process is called subduction. Subduction frequently causes earthquakes. It may also result in the bottom plate melting due to the extreme temperatures under the top plate. The magma created in this process can rise to the Earth's surface and come out through volcanoes, as can be seen along the Ring of Fire.

The word “fixed” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______________.

A. not changing

B. unstable

C. moving

D. floating

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

Comets are bodies that move around in space. They are something likes stars or small planets that move around the sun. Comets are surrounded by gases and the sun makes those gases look very bright. Dust can get caught in the gas around the comet and make the comet look like it has a tails.

Halley's Comet is the most famous comet, but we can't see it very often. In fact, it can only be seen from the Earth when it moves close the sun. This means that this beautiful comet only comes into our sky every 77 years or so. The last time Halley's Comet was invisible from the Earth was in 1991. Did you see it?

Halley's Comet was named after the English astronomer Edmond Halley. An astronomer studies the star and planets in the solar system. Edmond Halley was born in London, England, in 1656. He studies astronomy at Oxford University. In 1676, he left the university to study the astronomy of the Southern Hemisphere. He wrote a brook about the arrangement of the stars in the sky and the movement of the planets. He made the first accurate map of the stars we see in the sky. He also observed the moon and studied how the Moon affects the ocean tides. He helped find a way to measure distances in space. This measurement was used by other scientists to learn about the size of our solar system and the distances of many star and planets from the Earth.

Halley especially liked to study comets. He read about comets and observed them in the sky. He learned about the way they moved around the Sun — each comet follows a different path around the Sun and travels at its own speed. The path and speed of a body as it moves in space is called its orbit. Halley calculated the orbits of comets that he read about or saw himself. He found the orbits for twenty-four comets.

Halley also noticed that the paths of a comet seen in 1531 and of a comet seen in 1607 were identical to the path of a comet he had observed in 1682. He concluded that these three comets were, in fact, the same comet. Halley predicted that the comet would come again in 1758, and it did! This comet was named “Halley’s Comet” and can be seen from Earth. The first reports of this comet in history were made in 240 B.C. by Chinese astronomers, so we know that it has been orbiting the Sun to more than 2,000 years. Halley’s Comet is not the only comet in our sky, but it is the only one that appears regularly and can be predicted. It is also one of the brightest comets, and people can see it without a telescope.

Like comets, the Earth also travels around the Sun. Sometimes the orbit of t Earth passes through the path of Hailey’s Comet. Like comets, the Earth also travels around the Sun. Sometimes the orbit of the Earth passes through the path of Hailey’s Comet. When this When this happens, dust left behind from the comet falls to Earth. The dust burns and makes brilliant lights like falling stars in the sky. You can see this happen every year in May and October. Astronomers predict that Hailey’s Comet will enter our sky again in 2061. Who do you think will see it?

Edmond Hailey calculated the orbits for _______

A. 1607

B. 1682

C. 77 comets

D. 24 comets

Read the following passage andmark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correctanswerto each ofthe questions from 36to 41.

The Ring of Fire is an enormous chain of volcanoes all around the Pacific Ocean. The ring goes from New Zealand up to Asia and across the ocean to Alaska. From Alaska, the ring continues southward along the coast of both North and South America. More than seventy-five percent of the world's volcanoes are located in this ring. Scientists are interested in studying the Ring of Fire because they can observe plate tectonics at work there. In 1912, a German scientist, Alfred Wegener, came up with the first theory of land movement. Wegener said continents are made up of lighter rocks resting on heavier material. Similar to the way large things move while floating on water, Wegener suggested that the positions of the continents were not fixed, but that they moved slightly. Later, scientists discovered most of Wegener's ideas were right on the mark. They then developed the theory called plate tectonics. According to plate tectonics, the surface of the Earth consists of a number of enormous plates or sections of rock, each about eighty kilometers thick. The plates float and slowly move at speeds between one to ten centimeters every year. That is about the rate your fingernails grow! Within the Ring of Fire, new material for the Earth's plates is constantly being created as hot liquid rock called magma flows from the center of the Earth up to the ocean floor. All the existing plates on the Earth's surface have to move slightly to make room for the new material. As plates move both away from and toward each other, they run into each other. When they hit each other, one plate might move under another. This process is called subduction. Subduction frequently causes earthquakes. It may also result in the bottom plate melting due to the extreme temperatures under the top plate. The magma created in this process can rise to the Earth's surface and come out through volcanoes, as can be seen along the Ring of Fire.

What does “subduction” mean in this reading?

A. Rocks moving under volcanoes

B. Erupting liquid rock

C. The theory of moving plates

D. Movement of a plate under another

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

Comets are bodies that move around in space. They are something likes stars or small planets that move around the sun. Comets are surrounded by gases and the sun makes those gases look very bright. Dust can get caught in the gas around the comet and make the comet look like it has a tails.

Halley's Comet is the most famous comet, but we can't see it very often. In fact, it can only be seen from the Earth when it moves close the sun. This means that this beautiful comet only comes into our sky every 77 years or so. The last time Halley's Comet was invisible from the Earth was in 1991. Did you see it?

Halley's Comet was named after the English astronomer Edmond Halley. An astronomer studies the star and planets in the solar system. Edmond Halley was born in London, England, in 1656. He studies astronomy at Oxford University. In 1676, he left the university to study the astronomy of the Southern Hemisphere. He wrote a brook about the arrangement of the stars in the sky and the movement of the planets. He made the first accurate map of the stars we see in the sky. He also observed the moon and studied how the Moon affects the ocean tides. He helped find a way to measure distances in space. This measurement was used by other scientists to learn about the size of our solar system and the distances of many star and planets from the Earth.

Halley especially liked to study comets. He read about comets and observed them in the sky. He learned about the way they moved around the Sun — each comet follows a different path around the Sun and travels at its own speed. The path and speed of a body as it moves in space is called its orbit. Halley calculated the orbits of comets that he read about or saw himself. He found the orbits for twenty-four comets.

Halley also noticed that the paths of a comet seen in 1531 and of a comet seen in 1607 were identical to the path of a comet he had observed in 1682. He concluded that these three comets were, in fact, the same comet. Halley predicted that the comet would come again in 1758, and it did! This comet was named “Halley’s Comet” and can be seen from Earth. The first reports of this comet in history were made in 240 B.C. by Chinese astronomers, so we know that it has been orbiting the Sun to more than 2,000 years. Halley’s Comet is not the only comet in our sky, but it is the only one that appears regularly and can be predicted. It is also one of the brightest comets, and people can see it without a telescope.

Like comets, the Earth also travels around the Sun. Sometimes the orbit of t Earth passes through the path of Hailey’s Comet. Like comets, the Earth also travels around the Sun. Sometimes the orbit of the Earth passes through the path of Hailey’s Comet. When this When this happens, dust left behind from the comet falls to Earth. The dust burns and makes brilliant lights like falling stars in the sky. You can see this happen every year in May and October. Astronomers predict that Hailey’s Comet will enter our sky again in 2061. Who do you think will see it?

The Earth also travels _______

A. around Hailey’s comet

B. every 77 years

C. around the Sun

D. around the Moon

Read the following passage andmark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correctanswerto each ofthe questions from 36to 41.

The Ring of Fire is an enormous chain of volcanoes all around the Pacific Ocean. The ring goes from New Zealand up to Asia and across the ocean to Alaska. From Alaska, the ring continues southward along the coast of both North and South America. More than seventy-five percent of the world's volcanoes are located in this ring. Scientists are interested in studying the Ring of Fire because they can observe plate tectonics at work there. In 1912, a German scientist, Alfred Wegener, came up with the first theory of land movement. Wegener said continents are made up of lighter rocks resting on heavier material. Similar to the way large things move while floating on water, Wegener suggested that the positions of the continents were not fixed, but that they moved slightly. Later, scientists discovered most of Wegener's ideas were right on the mark. They then developed the theory called plate tectonics. According to plate tectonics, the surface of the Earth consists of a number of enormous plates or sections of rock, each about eighty kilometers thick. The plates float and slowly move at speeds between one to ten centimeters every year. That is about the rate your fingernails grow! Within the Ring of Fire, new material for the Earth's plates is constantly being created as hot liquid rock called magma flows from the center of the Earth up to the ocean floor. All the existing plates on the Earth's surface have to move slightly to make room for the new material. As plates move both away from and toward each other, they run into each other. When they hit each other, one plate might move under another. This process is called subduction. Subduction frequently causes earthquakes. It may also result in the bottom plate melting due to the extreme temperatures under the top plate. The magma created in this process can rise to the Earth's surface and come out through volcanoes, as can be seen along the Ring of Fire.

What is the main focus of this reading?

A. The most active volcanoes found in the Ring of Fire

B. The location of the Ring of Fire

C. How the plates on the Earth‟s surface move in different ways

D. How plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes are related