a,b,c< 0 mà a+b+c bé hơn hoặc bằng 1

a+b+c ít nhất phải bằng 3 chứ!

1) \(VT=\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\frac{2b}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+4b}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)\(=\frac{a+2\sqrt{ab}+b-a+2\sqrt{ab}-b+4b}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)

\(=\frac{4\sqrt{ab}+4b}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)

\(=\frac{4\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}=\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=VP\)(ĐPCM)

2) \(VT=\text{[}\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+b-\sqrt{ab}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}-\sqrt{ab}\text{]}.\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a+b-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{ab}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\)\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=1=VP\)(ĐPCM)

4) \(VT=\left(1+\frac{a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right)\left(1-\frac{a-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right)\left(1-\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)=1-a=VP\)(ĐPCM)

3)\(...=\left[\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right].\frac{1-xy}{x+xy}\)

= \(\frac{\sqrt{x}+x\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-x\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}{1-xy}.\frac{1-xy}{x\left(1+y\right)}\)= \(\frac{2\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{x}}{x\left(1+y\right)}=\frac{2\sqrt{x}\left(1+y\right)}{x\left(1+y\right)}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}}\)

Chú ý đến giả thiết a + b + c = 1 ta viết được \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(1-c\right)\left(1+c\right)}}=\)\(\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{1-c^2}}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-c^2}}\)\(=\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}\)

Mặt khác áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta được \(a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge2ab+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\)\(2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)\)và \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)

Từ đó dẫn đến \(\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}\le\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}\sqrt{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\)\(=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\)

Mà theo bất đẳng thức quen thuộc \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\) ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+ca\right)}\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab+bc}+\frac{ab}{ab+ca}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}\)

Từ đó ta có bất đẳng thức: \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}\)(1)

Hoàn toàn tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)^3\left(1+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}\)(2) ; \(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\)(3)

Cộng theo vế 3 bất đẳng thức (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\right)\)

Ta cần chứng minh\(\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\right)\le\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8}\)

Hay \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\le3\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\)

\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)}=3\)

Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Sửa đề: \(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\)

bđt \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+ab+ca}{\left(b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{4}\)

Có: \(\frac{a^2+ab+ca}{\left(b+c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+ab+bc+ca}{\left(b+c\right)^2}-\frac{bc}{\left(b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(b+c\right)^2}-\frac{1}{4}\)

=> \(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+ab+ca}{\left(b+c\right)^2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{9}{4}\)

bđt\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{9}{4}\)

Ta co:

\(VT\ge\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{b+c}\right)^2\ge\frac{9}{4}\)(theo bunhiacopxki va nesbit)

Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Chuẩn hóa \(a+b+c=1\)

Khi đó BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với

\(\frac{a\left(1-a\right)}{1-2a+2a^2}+\frac{b\left(1-b\right)}{1-2b+2b^2}+\frac{c\left(1-c\right)}{1-2c+2c^2}\le\frac{6}{5}\)

Mặt khác:

\(2a\left(1-a\right)\le\left(\frac{2a+1-a}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{4}\)

Khi đó:\(1-2a+2a^2=1-2a\left(1-a\right)\ge1-\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(1-a\right)\left(a+3\right)}{4}>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a\left(1-a\right)}{1-2a+2a^2}\le\frac{4a\left(1-a\right)}{\left(1-a\right)\left(a+3\right)}=4\cdot\frac{a}{a+3}=4\left(1-\frac{3}{a+3}\right)\)

Tương tự rồi cộng lại ta được:

\(RHS\le4\left(3-\frac{3}{a+3}-\frac{3}{b+3}-\frac{3}{c+3}\right)\le4\left(3-\frac{3\cdot9}{a+b+c+9}\right)=\frac{6}{5}\)

Không cần a+b+c=1 thì BĐT vẫn đúng mà

Lê Thành An Ờ thì có ai nói gì đâu bạn.Đây là bất đẳng thức thuần nhất nên mình có quyền chuẩn hóa a+b+c=1.Bạn có thể chuẩn hóa a+b+c=3;abc=1;ab+bc+ca=6;1/a+1/b+1/c=2;...... tùy bạn nếu đó là BĐT thuần nhất.Mình chuẩn hóa để bất đẳng thức đó có lời giải đẹp hơn,OK hơn,không "trâu bò",hướng đi tự nhiên hơn;.....