a) \(3^x-27.3^5.3^2=0\)

\(3^x-3^3.3^5.3^3=0\)

\(3^x=3^{13}\)

\(x=13\)

b) \(\left(-5+3x\right):4=16\)

\(-5+3x=64\)

\(3x=69\)

\(x=23\)

\(\left(x-3\right)\left(x-12\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-3=0\\x-12=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=3\\x=12\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{3;12\right\}\)

\(\left(x^2-81\right)\left(x^2+9\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2-81=0\\x^2+9=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=9\\x\in\varnothing\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=9\)

\(\Rightarrow x=9\)

\(\left(x-4\right)\left(x+2\right)< 0\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-4\\x+2\end{cases}}\)trái dấu

\(TH1:\hept{\begin{cases}x-4>0\\x+2< 0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>4\\x< -2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)

\(TH2:\hept{\begin{cases}x-4< 0\\x+2>0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x< 4\\x>-2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-1;0;1;2;3\right\}\)

Vậy \(x\in\left\{-1;0;1;2;3\right\}\)

Theo đề, ta có:  \(\dfrac{1+2x}{18}=\dfrac{1+4x}{34}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow34\left(1+2x\right)=18\left(1+4x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow34+68x=18+72x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow34-18=72x-68x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow16=4x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=4\)

Khi \(x=4\) vào ta có:   \(\dfrac{1+4.4}{34}=\dfrac{1+6.4}{2y^2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{25}{2y^2}\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2=50\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2=50\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=\pm5\)

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