Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

          Glass is a remarkable substance made from simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms-as table ware, containers, in architecture and design-glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.

          Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C, glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft, and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass is thus formed by melting then cooling to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the stage achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials

What does the author imply about the raw materials used to make glass?

A. They are transparent

B. They were the same for centuries

C. They are very heavy

D. They are liquid

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

          Glass is a remarkable substance made from simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms-as table ware, containers, in architecture and design-glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.

          Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C, glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft, and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass is thus formed by melting then cooling to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the stage achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.

According to the passage, why can glass be more easily shaped into specific forms than can metals?

A. It has better optical properties

B. It retains heat while its viscosity changesv

C. It gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises

D. It resists breaking when heated

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

          Glass is a remarkable substance made from simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms-as table ware, containers, in architecture and design-glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.

          Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C, glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft, and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass is thus formed by melting then cooling to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the stage achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials

The word “customarily” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by”……………”

A. certainly

B. naturally

C. usually

D. necessarily

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

          Glass is a remarkable substance made from simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms-as table ware, containers, in architecture and design-glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.

          Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C, glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft, and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass is thus formed by melting then cooling to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the stage achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.

What must be done to release the internal stresses that build up in glass products during manufacture?

A. The glass must be cooled quickly

B. The glass must be reheated and evenly cooled

C. The glass must be kept moist until cooled

D. The glass must be shaped to its desired form immediately

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

          Glass is a remarkable substance made from simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms-as table ware, containers, in architecture and design-glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.

          Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C, glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft, and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass is thus formed by melting then cooling to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the stage achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.

The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to…………….

A. feature

B. manner

C. viscosity

D. glass

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

          Glass is a remarkable substance made from simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms-as table ware, containers, in architecture and design-glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.

          Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C, glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft, and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass is thus formed by melting then cooling to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the stage achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials

Why does the author list the characteristics of glass in paragraph 1?

A. To show the versatility of glass

B. To demonstrate how glass evolved

C. to explain the purpose of each component of glass

D. To explain glassmaking

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

          Glass is a remarkable substance made from simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms-as table ware, containers, in architecture and design-glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.

          Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C, glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft, and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass is thus formed by melting then cooling to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the stage achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials

The word “durable” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A. delicate

B. plain

C. lasting

D. heavy

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

          Glass is a remarkable substance made from simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms-as table ware, containers, in architecture and design-glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.

          Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C, glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft, and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass is thus formed by melting then cooling to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the stage achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.

The word “induced” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to…………….

A. missed

B. joined

C. lost

D. caused

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

          Glass is a remarkable substance made from simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms-as table ware, containers, in architecture and design-glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.

          Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C, glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft, and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass is thus formed by melting then cooling to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the stage achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials

The words “exposed to” in paragraph 2 most likely mean………..

A. deprived of 

B. hardened by

C. chilled with

D. subjected to