Ta có: a² + b² + c² - ab - bc - ca = 0

=> aa + bb + cc - ab - bc - ca = 0

=> aa + ab - bb + bc - cc -+ca = 0

=> a - b - c      = 0

=> a = b = c (đpcm)

a²+b²+c²-ab-bc-ca=2a²+2b²+2c²-2ab-2bc-2ca=a²-2ab+b²+b²-2bc+c²+c²-2cb+b²=(a-b)²+(b-c)²+(c-a)²=0

=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}=>\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}}=>a=b=c\)

ta có \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab+bc-ba=0\)

suy ra\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

Do \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0;\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0;\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow a=b=c}\)

a) a² + b² + c2 = ab + ac + bc

=> 2a² + 2b² + 2c² = 2ab + 2ac + 2bc

=> 2a² + 2b² + 2c² - 2ab - 2ac - 2bc = 0

=> (a² - 2ab + b²) + (a² - 2ac + c²) + (b² - 2bc + c²) = 0

=> (a - b)² + (a - c)² + (b - c)² = 0 

Do 3 hạng tử trên đều có giá trị lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0 nên a - b = a - c = b - c = 0

=> a = b = c 

b) a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc

=> a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = 0

=> a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³ + c³ - 3abc - 3a²b - 3ab² = 0

=> (a + b)³ + c³ - 3ab(a + b + c) = 0

=> (a + b + c)(a² + 2ab + b² - bc - ac + c²) - 3ab(a + b + c) = 0

=> (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² - ab - bc - ac) = 0 

=> a + b + c = 0

hoặc a² + b² + c² = ab + bc + ac =>  a = b = c

a)\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ca\)

\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Rightarrow a=b=c}\)

b)\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\)

\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2ab+2bc+2ca\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)

\(=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)

Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\)\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\)

Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(a-c\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}}\)

Vậy a = b = c (đpcm)

a² + b² + c² = ab + bc + ca

<=> 2(a² + b² + c²) = 2(ab + bc + ca)

<=> a² - 2ab+ b² + c² - 2ca+ a² + b² - 2bc+ c² = 0

<=> (a - b)² + (b - c)² + (c - a)² = 0

<=> a = b = c

ta có (ab+ac)/2 = (ba+bc)/3 = (ca+cb)/4 

=ab+ac-ba-bc+ca+cb/2-3+4 = 2ac/3

=ab+ac+ba+bc-ca-cb/2+3-4 = 2ab

=ab+ac-ba-bc-ca-cb/2-3-4 = 2bc/5

=> 2ac/3=2ab=2bc/5

Ta có 2ac/3=2ab/1 =>c/3 = b/1 => c/15 = b/5    (1)

          2ac/3 = 2bc/5 => a/3 = b/5                         (2)

từ (1) và(2) => a/3 = b/5 = c/15

bạn 2-3-4=5 ??

\(\frac{a-bc}{a+bc}=\frac{a-bc}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}=\frac{a-bc}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{a-bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(=\left(a-bc\right)\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}}\le\frac{\frac{a-bc}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc}{\left(c+a\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{a-bc}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}\)

Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{b-ca}{b+ca}\le\frac{b-ca}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b-ca}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}\)\(;\)\(\frac{c-ab}{c+ab}\le\frac{c-ab}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c-ab}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}\)

=> \(\frac{a-bc}{a+bc}+\frac{b-ca}{b+ca}+\frac{c-ab}{c+ab}\le\frac{a-bc+b-ca}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{b-ca+c-ab}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc+c-ab}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}\)

\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(1-c\right)}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(1-a\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)\left(1-a\right)}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(1-b\right)}{2\left(c+a\right)\left(1-b\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)